PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Discrimination, which arose during the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, is a global public health issue. This study aimed to provide fundamental knowledge in proposing control measures to mitigate discrimination. We focused on two psychological variables: belief in just deserts (BJD, i.e., the belief that the infected individual deserves to be infected), a psychological factor that potentially promotes discrimination and prejudice, and human rights restrictions (HRR; i.e., the degree of individuals\' agreement with government restrictions on citizens\' behavior during emergencies). Differences in these items, as well as their annual trends from 2020 to 2022, were examined in Japan, the United States (US), the United Kingdom (UK), Italy, and China. In addition, the associations between BJD and HRR by country and year and the direction of the associations between them in Japan and Italy were analyzed. Online surveys were conducted annually, with 392-518 participants per country and year. The BJD was higher in Japan and lower in the UK. BJD increased significantly from 2020 to 2021 in all countries, except in China. Meanwhile, HRR was higher in China and lower in Japan. The HRR decreased from 2020 to 2021 in Japan and decreased from 2020 to 2022 in the US, the UK, and Italy. There were significant positive associations between BJD and HRR in Japan and Italy. Cross-lagged panel models revealed positive bidirectional associations between BJD and HRR in Japan and Italy, respectively, indicating that the HRR declined among those with weak BJD and that the BJD increased among those with high HRR. In Japan and Italy, the dissemination of public messages targeting those with a high HRR in the early stages of an infectious disease outbreak could potentially mitigate the adverse impact of the BJD, eventually reducing discrimination, especially when the infection is not attributed to the fault of the infected individuals.
摘要：
歧视,它出现在2019年冠状病毒病爆发期间，是一个全球性的公共卫生问题。本研究旨在为提出减轻歧视的控制措施提供基本知识。我们专注于两个心理变量：对沙漠的信念(BJD，即，相信被感染的人应该被感染)，一种可能助长歧视和偏见的心理因素，和人权限制(HRR；即在紧急情况下，个人与政府对公民行为的限制的同意程度)。这些项目的差异，以及他们从2020年到2022年的年度趋势，在日本进行了研究，美国(US),英国(UK),意大利,和中国。此外,分析了BJD和HRR在日本和意大利按国家和年份划分的关联以及它们之间关联的方向.每年进行在线调查，每个国家和年份有392-518名参与者。BJD在日本较高，在英国较低。从2020年到2021年，BJD在所有国家都大幅增加，除了中国。同时,中国的HRR较高，日本较低。日本的HRR从2020年下降到2021年，美国的HRR从2020年下降到2022年，英国,和意大利。在日本和意大利，BJD和HRR之间存在显着正相关。交叉滞后面板模型揭示了日本和意大利的BJD和HRR之间的正双向关联，分别,表明在BJD弱的人群中HRR下降，而在HRR高的人群中BJD增加。在日本和意大利，在传染病爆发的早期阶段，针对高HRR人群的公共信息的传播可能会减轻BJD的不利影响，最终减少歧视，特别是当感染不是归因于感染者的过错时。
