Abstract：
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) is common among female and male athletes representing various sports at different performance levels, and the underlying cause is problematic low energy availability (LEA). It is essential to prevent problematic LEA to decrease the risk of serious health and performance consequences. This narrative review addresses REDs primary, secondary and tertiary prevention strategies and recommends best practice prevention guidelines targeting the athlete health and performance team, athlete entourage (eg, coaches, parents, managers) and sport organisations. Primary prevention of REDs seeks to minimise exposure to and reduce behaviours associated with problematic LEA. Some of the important strategies are educational initiatives and de-emphasising body weight and leanness, particularly in young and subelite athletes. Secondary prevention encourages the early identification and management of REDs signs or symptoms to facilitate early treatment to prevent development of more serious REDs outcomes. Recommended strategies for identifying athletes at risk are self-reported screening instruments, individual health interviews and/or objective assessment of REDs markers. Tertiary prevention (clinical treatment) seeks to limit short-term and long-term severe health consequences of REDs. The cornerstone of tertiary prevention is identifying the source of and treating problematic LEA. Best practice guidelines to prevent REDs and related consequences include a multipronged approach targeting the athlete health and performance team, the athlete entourage and sport organisations, who all need to ensure a supportive and safe sporting environment, have sufficient REDs knowledge and remain observant for the early signs and symptoms of REDs.
摘要：
运动中的相对能量不足（REDs）在代表不同运动水平的各种运动的男女运动员中很常见，而根本原因是有问题的低能源可用性(LEA)。预防有问题的LEA对于降低严重健康和性能后果的风险至关重要。这篇叙述性评论针对REDs小学，二级和三级预防策略，并推荐针对运动员健康和表现团队的最佳实践预防指南，运动员随行人员(如，教练，父母,经理)和体育组织。REDs的一级预防旨在最大程度地减少与有问题的LEA相关的行为。一些重要的策略是教育举措和不强调体重和瘦身，尤其是年轻和亚精英运动员。二级预防鼓励早期识别和管理REDs的体征或症状，以促进早期治疗，以防止更严重的REDs结果的发展。识别有风险运动员的推荐策略是自我报告的筛查工具，个人健康访谈和/或REDs标记的客观评估。三级预防（临床治疗）旨在限制REDs的短期和长期严重健康后果。三级预防的基石是确定有问题的LEA的来源和治疗。预防REDs和相关后果的最佳实践指南包括针对运动员健康和表现团队的多管齐下的方法，运动员随行人员和体育组织，他们都需要确保一个支持性和安全的运动环境，有足够的REDs知识，并对REDs的早期体征和症状保持观察。
