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Abstract：
Gliomas are the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumors worldwide, with glioblastoma (GBM) being the most common and aggressive type. Despite two decades of relentless pursuit in exploring novel therapeutic approaches for GBM, there is limited progress in improving patients\' survival outcomes. Numerous obstacles impede the effective treatment of GBM, including the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), the blood-brain barrier, and extensive heterogeneity. Despite these challenges, immunotherapies are emerging as a promising avenue that may offer new hope for the treatment of gliomas. There are four main types of immunotherapies for gliomas, immune checkpoint blockades, chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapies, vaccines, and oncolytic viruses. In addition, gene therapy, bispecific antibody therapy, and combine therapy are also briefly introduced in this review. The significant role of TME in the process of immunotherapies has been emphasized in many studies. Although immunotherapy is a promising treatment for gliomas, enormous effort is required to overcome the existing barriers to its success. Owing to the rapid development and increasing attention paid to immunotherapies for gliomas, this article aims to review the recent advances in immunotherapies for gliomas.
摘要：
胶质瘤是世界上最常见的原发性恶性脑肿瘤，胶质母细胞瘤（GBM）是最常见和侵袭性的类型。尽管二十年来不懈地追求探索GBM的新治疗方法，在改善患者生存结局方面进展有限。许多障碍阻碍了GBM的有效治疗，包括免疫抑制肿瘤微环境（TME），血脑屏障,和广泛的异质性。尽管面临这些挑战,免疫疗法正在成为一个有希望的途径，可能为治疗神经胶质瘤提供新的希望。神经胶质瘤的免疫疗法有四种主要类型，免疫检查点封锁，嵌合抗原受体T细胞疗法，疫苗,和溶瘤病毒。此外,基因治疗,双特异性抗体治疗，本文还简要介绍了联合疗法。在许多研究中都强调了TME在免疫治疗过程中的重要作用。虽然免疫疗法是治疗神经胶质瘤的一种有希望的治疗方法，需要付出巨大的努力来克服现有的成功障碍。由于神经胶质瘤免疫治疗的迅速发展和日益受到重视，本文就神经胶质瘤免疫疗法的最新进展作一综述。
