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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is an emerging global public health crisis. Surveillance is a fundamental component in the monitoring and evaluation of AMR mitigation endeavours. The primary aim of the scoping review is to identify successes, barriers, and gaps in implementing AMR surveillance systems and utilising data from them.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were searched systematically to identify literature pertaining to implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of AMR surveillance systems. A thematic analysis was conducted where themes within the literature were inductively grouped based on the described content.
RESULTS: The systematic search yielded 639 journal articles for screening. Following deduplication and screening, 46 articles were determined to be appropriate for inclusion. Generally, most studies focused on human AMR surveillance (n = 38, 82.6%). Regionally, there was equal focus on low- and middle-income countries (n = 7, 15.2%) and trans-national contexts (n = 7, 14.5%). All included articles (n = 46, 100.0%) discussed barriers to either implementing or utilising AMR surveillance systems. From the scoping review, 6 themes emerged: capacity for surveillance, data infrastructure, policy, representativeness, stakeholder engagement, and sustainability. Data infrastructure was most frequently discussed as problematic in evaluation of surveillance systems (n = 36, 75.0%). The most frequent success to surveillance system implementation was stakeholder engagement (n = 30, 65.2%).
CONCLUSIONS: Experiences of AMR surveillance systems are diverse across contexts. There is a distinct separation of experiences between systems with emerging surveillance systems and those with established systems. Surveillance systems require extensive refinement to become representative and meet surveillance objectives.
METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and EMBASE databases were searched systematically to identify literature pertaining to implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of AMR surveillance systems. A thematic analysis was conducted where themes within the literature were inductively grouped based on the described content.
RESULTS: The systematic search yielded 639 journal articles for screening. Following deduplication and screening, 46 articles were determined to be appropriate for inclusion. Generally, most studies focused on human AMR surveillance (n = 38, 82.6%). Regionally, there was equal focus on low- and middle-income countries (n = 7, 15.2%) and trans-national contexts (n = 7, 14.5%). All included articles (n = 46, 100.0%) discussed barriers to either implementing or utilising AMR surveillance systems. From the scoping review, 6 themes emerged: capacity for surveillance, data infrastructure, policy, representativeness, stakeholder engagement, and sustainability. Data infrastructure was most frequently discussed as problematic in evaluation of surveillance systems (n = 36, 75.0%). The most frequent success to surveillance system implementation was stakeholder engagement (n = 30, 65.2%).
CONCLUSIONS: Experiences of AMR surveillance systems are diverse across contexts. There is a distinct separation of experiences between systems with emerging surveillance systems and those with established systems. Surveillance systems require extensive refinement to become representative and meet surveillance objectives.
摘要：
背景：抗菌素耐药性（AMR）是一种新兴的全球公共卫生危机。监测是监测和评估缓解AMR努力的基本组成部分。范围审查的主要目的是确定成功，障碍,以及在实施AMR监测系统和利用其中的数据方面的差距。
方法：PubMed，WebofScience,Scopus,和EMBASE数据库进行了系统搜索，以确定与实施有关的文献，监测,和AMR监测系统的评估。进行了主题分析，其中根据所描述的内容对文献中的主题进行归纳分组。
结果：系统搜索产生了639篇用于筛选的期刊文章。在重复数据删除和筛选之后，46篇文章被确定为适合列入。一般来说,大多数研究集中在人类AMR监测(n=38，82.6%)。区域,同样关注低收入和中等收入国家(n=7,15.2%)和跨国背景(n=7,14.5%)。所有包含的文章（n=46，100.0％）都讨论了实施或使用AMR监视系统的障碍。从范围审查来看，出现了6个主题：监视能力，数据基础设施，政策,代表性,利益相关者参与，和可持续性。数据基础设施在监测系统评估中最经常被认为是有问题的(n=36，75.0%)。监控系统实施最常见的成功是利益相关者的参与（n=30，65.2％）。
结论：AMR监测系统的经验因环境而异。具有新兴监视系统的系统与具有已建立系统的系统之间存在明显的经验分离。监视系统需要广泛的改进才能具有代表性并达到监视目标。
方法：PubMed，WebofScience,Scopus,和EMBASE数据库进行了系统搜索，以确定与实施有关的文献，监测,和AMR监测系统的评估。进行了主题分析，其中根据所描述的内容对文献中的主题进行归纳分组。
结果：系统搜索产生了639篇用于筛选的期刊文章。在重复数据删除和筛选之后，46篇文章被确定为适合列入。一般来说,大多数研究集中在人类AMR监测(n=38，82.6%)。区域,同样关注低收入和中等收入国家(n=7,15.2%)和跨国背景(n=7,14.5%)。所有包含的文章（n=46，100.0％）都讨论了实施或使用AMR监视系统的障碍。从范围审查来看，出现了6个主题：监视能力，数据基础设施，政策,代表性,利益相关者参与，和可持续性。数据基础设施在监测系统评估中最经常被认为是有问题的(n=36，75.0%)。监控系统实施最常见的成功是利益相关者的参与（n=30，65.2％）。
结论：AMR监测系统的经验因环境而异。具有新兴监视系统的系统与具有已建立系统的系统之间存在明显的经验分离。监视系统需要广泛的改进才能具有代表性并达到监视目标。
