Abstract：
The prevalence and genetic diversity of the protozoan pathogen Giardia duodenalis have been extensively studied worldwide. There is currently a lack of data regarding the genetic variability of the organism in eastern India. Understanding the circulating genotypes and associated risk factors is crucial for effective planning and implementing control measures. Therefore, the objective of the study was to conduct an epidemiological study to determine the prevalence and identify the various genotypes present. This survey adds to our knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of Giardia genotypes in the studied region. The overall prevalence was found to be 6.8%. This parasitic infection was significantly associated with two age groups, i.e., >0-5 years and >5-12 years. Using a multilocus genotyping method, we genotyped 52 human Giardia isolates that were obtained from diarrheal patients. Two distinct assemblages were found in the population-30.8% belonged to assemblage A; 63.5% belonged to assemblage B, prevalent in the population; and 5.7% belonged to a combined assemblage A+B. Sub-assemblage AII was found in 17.3% of the cases, followed by sub-assemblage AI (13.5%). High levels of genetic diversity were found within the population of assemblage B undergoing balancing selection. Overall, the high prevalence of the parasite observed, particularly among children, raises a major concern and necessitates implementation of robust control measures. Furthermore, we report the presence of numerous unique genotypes, circulating in this limited geographical boundary, which can be useful dataset for future studies.
摘要：
全球范围内已广泛研究了原生动物病原体十二指肠贾第鞭毛虫的患病率和遗传多样性。目前缺乏有关印度东部生物遗传变异性的数据。了解循环基因型和相关危险因素对于有效计划和实施控制措施至关重要。因此,这项研究的目的是进行流行病学研究，以确定患病率并确定存在的各种基因型。这项调查增加了我们对研究地区贾第虫基因型的发生和分布的了解。总体患病率为6.8%。这种寄生虫感染与两个年龄组显著相关，即，>0-5年和>5-12年。使用多位点基因分型方法，我们对从腹泻患者中获得的52株人贾第鞭毛虫分离株进行了基因分型.在人群中发现了两个不同的组合-30.8％属于组合A；63.5％属于组合B，在人口中普遍存在；5.7%属于A+B组合。在17.3%的病例中发现了次级组合，其次是次级组合人工智能（13.5%）。在进行平衡选择的组合B种群中发现了高水平的遗传多样性。总的来说,观察到的寄生虫的高患病率，特别是在儿童中，引起了人们的重大关切，需要实施强有力的控制措施。此外，我们报告了许多独特的基因型，在这个有限的地理边界中循环，这可能是未来研究的有用数据集。
