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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Coccidiosis caused by Eimeria zuernii (Eimeriidae: Coccidia) represents a significant economic threat to the bovine industry. Understanding the evolutionary and genetic biology of E. zuernii can assist in new interaction developments for the prevention and control of this protozoosis.
METHODS: We defined the evolutionary and genetic characteristics of E. zuernii by sequencing the complete mitogenome and analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of 51 isolates collected from eight yak breeding parks in China.
RESULTS: The 6176-bp mitogenome of E. zuernii was linear and encoded typical mitochondrial contents of apicomplexan parasites, including three protein-coding genes [PCGs; cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and III (cox1 and cox3), and cytochrome b (cytb)], seven fragmented small subunit (SSU) and 12 fragmented large subunit (LSU) rRNAs. Genome-wide comparative and evolutionary analyses showed cytb and cox3 to be the most and least conserved Eimeria PCGs, respectively, and placed E. zuernii more closely related to Eimeria mephitidis than other Eimeria species. Furthermore, cox1-based genetic structure defined 24 haplotypes of E. zuernii with high haplotype diversities and low nucleotide diversities across eight geographic populations, supporting a low genetic structure and rapid evolutionary rate as well as a previous expansion event among E. zuernii populations.
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting the phylogeny, genetic diversity, and population structure of the yak E. zuernii, and such information, together with its mitogenomic data, should contribute to a better understanding of the genetic and evolutionary biological studies of apicomplexan parasites in bovines.
METHODS: We defined the evolutionary and genetic characteristics of E. zuernii by sequencing the complete mitogenome and analyzing the genetic diversity and population structure of 51 isolates collected from eight yak breeding parks in China.
RESULTS: The 6176-bp mitogenome of E. zuernii was linear and encoded typical mitochondrial contents of apicomplexan parasites, including three protein-coding genes [PCGs; cytochrome c oxidase subunits I and III (cox1 and cox3), and cytochrome b (cytb)], seven fragmented small subunit (SSU) and 12 fragmented large subunit (LSU) rRNAs. Genome-wide comparative and evolutionary analyses showed cytb and cox3 to be the most and least conserved Eimeria PCGs, respectively, and placed E. zuernii more closely related to Eimeria mephitidis than other Eimeria species. Furthermore, cox1-based genetic structure defined 24 haplotypes of E. zuernii with high haplotype diversities and low nucleotide diversities across eight geographic populations, supporting a low genetic structure and rapid evolutionary rate as well as a previous expansion event among E. zuernii populations.
CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this is the first study presenting the phylogeny, genetic diversity, and population structure of the yak E. zuernii, and such information, together with its mitogenomic data, should contribute to a better understanding of the genetic and evolutionary biological studies of apicomplexan parasites in bovines.
摘要：
背景：由zuernii艾美耳球虫（Eimeriidae：球虫）引起的球虫病对牛产业构成了重大的经济威胁。了解E.zuernii的进化和遗传生物学可以帮助预防和控制这种原生动物病的新相互作用发展。
方法：我们通过对中国8个牦牛繁育园的51个分离株的完整有丝分裂基因组进行测序，并对其遗传多样性和种群结构进行分析，确定了祖尔尼的进化和遗传特征。
结果：祖尔尼氏大肠杆菌的6176-bp的有丝分裂基因组是线性的，编码了尖丛寄生虫的典型线粒体内容，包括三个蛋白质编码基因[PCGs；细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I和III（cox1和cox3），和细胞色素b（cytb）]，7个片段化小亚基(SSU)和12个片段化大亚基(LSU)rRNA。全基因组比较和进化分析表明，cytb和cox3是最保守和最不保守的艾美球虫PCGs，分别,并将E.zuernii与艾美球虫的亲缘关系比其他艾美球虫物种更紧密。此外，基于cox1的遗传结构定义了E.zuernii的24单倍型，在八个地理种群中具有高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性，支持E.zuernii种群中的低遗传结构和快速进化率以及先前的扩展事件。
结论：据我们所知，这是第一项介绍系统发育的研究，遗传多样性,牦牛E.zuernii的种群结构，和这样的信息，连同其有丝分裂基因组学数据，应该有助于更好地了解牛的顶plex寄生虫的遗传和进化生物学研究。
方法：我们通过对中国8个牦牛繁育园的51个分离株的完整有丝分裂基因组进行测序，并对其遗传多样性和种群结构进行分析，确定了祖尔尼的进化和遗传特征。
结果：祖尔尼氏大肠杆菌的6176-bp的有丝分裂基因组是线性的，编码了尖丛寄生虫的典型线粒体内容，包括三个蛋白质编码基因[PCGs；细胞色素c氧化酶亚基I和III（cox1和cox3），和细胞色素b（cytb）]，7个片段化小亚基(SSU)和12个片段化大亚基(LSU)rRNA。全基因组比较和进化分析表明，cytb和cox3是最保守和最不保守的艾美球虫PCGs，分别,并将E.zuernii与艾美球虫的亲缘关系比其他艾美球虫物种更紧密。此外，基于cox1的遗传结构定义了E.zuernii的24单倍型，在八个地理种群中具有高单倍型多样性和低核苷酸多样性，支持E.zuernii种群中的低遗传结构和快速进化率以及先前的扩展事件。
结论：据我们所知，这是第一项介绍系统发育的研究，遗传多样性,牦牛E.zuernii的种群结构，和这样的信息，连同其有丝分裂基因组学数据，应该有助于更好地了解牛的顶plex寄生虫的遗传和进化生物学研究。
