PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Bovine mastitis is a polymicrobial disease characterised by inflammation of the udders of dairy and beef cattle. The infection has huge implications to health and welfare of animals, impacting milk and beef production and costing up to EUR 32 billion annually to the dairy industry, globally. Bacterial communities associated with the disease include representative species from Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Enterococcus, Actinomyces, Aerococcus, Escherichia, Klebsiella and Proteus. Conventional treatment relies on antibiotics, but antimicrobial resistance, declining antibiotic innovations and biofilm production negatively impact therapeutic efficacy. Bacteriophages (phages) are viruses which effectively target and lyse bacteria with extreme specificity and can be a valuable supplement or replacement to antibiotics for bovine mastitis. In this review, we provide an overview of the etiology of bovine mastitis, the advantages of phage therapy over chemical antibiotics for the strains and research work conducted in the area in various model systems to support phage deployment in the dairy industry. We emphasise work on phage isolation procedures from samples obtained from mastitic and non-mastitic sources, characterisation and efficacy testing of single and multiple phages as standalone treatments or adjuncts to probiotics in various in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo bovine mastitis infection models. Furthermore, we highlight the areas where improvements can be made with focus on phage cocktail optimisation, formulation, and genetic engineering to improve delivery, stability, efficacy, and safety in cattle. Phage therapy is becoming more attractive in clinical medicine and agriculture and thus, could mitigate the impending catastrophe of antimicrobial resistance in the dairy sector.
摘要：
牛乳腺炎是一种以奶牛和肉牛乳房发炎为特征的多微生物疾病。这种感染对动物的健康和福利有巨大的影响，影响牛奶和牛肉的生产，每年给乳制品行业带来高达320亿欧元的损失，全球。与该疾病相关的细菌群落包括来自葡萄球菌的代表性物种，链球菌,肠球菌,放线菌,Aerococcus,埃希氏菌,克雷伯氏菌和变形杆菌。常规治疗依赖于抗生素，但抗菌素耐药性,抗生素创新和生物膜生产的下降对治疗效果产生负面影响。噬菌体(噬菌体)是以极端特异性有效地靶向和裂解细菌的病毒,并且可以是用于牛乳腺炎的抗生素的有价值的补充或替代。在这次审查中,我们概述了牛乳腺炎的病因，噬菌体疗法相对于化学抗生素的优势，以及在该地区在各种模型系统中进行的研究工作，以支持噬菌体在乳制品行业的部署。我们强调从乳房和非乳房来源获得的样品中进行噬菌体分离程序的工作，单个和多个噬菌体作为各种体外益生菌的独立治疗或辅助治疗的表征和功效测试，离体和体内牛乳腺炎感染模型。此外，我们强调了可以改进的领域，重点是噬菌体鸡尾酒优化，配方，和基因工程来改善分娩，稳定性,功效,牛的安全。噬菌体疗法在临床医学和农业中变得越来越有吸引力，因此，可以减轻乳品行业即将发生的抗菌素耐药性灾难。
