Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Nutraceuticals have been important for more than two decades for their safety, efficacy, and outstanding effects. Diabetes is a major metabolic syndrome, which may be improved using nutritional pharmaceuticals. Some microalgae species, such as spirulina, stand out by providing biomass with exceptional nutritional properties. Spirulina has a wide range of pharmacological effects, mostly related to phycocyanin. Phycocyanin is a protein compound with antidiabetic properties, known as a nutraceutical.
OBJECTIVE: This review delves into phycocyanin applications in diabetes and its complications and ascertains the mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were systematically reviewed (up to April 30, 2023), in which only animal and cellular studies were found.
RESULTS: According to animal studies, the administration of phycocyanin affected biochemical parameters (primary outcome) related to diabetes. These results showed an increase in fasting insulin serum and a decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, and glycosylated hemoglobin. In cellular studies, though, phycocyanin prevented methylglyoxal and human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced dysfunction in β-cells and induced apoptosis through different molecular pathways (secondary outcome), including activation of Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, and suppression of JNK and p38. Also, phycocyanin exerted its antidiabetic effect by affecting the pathways regulating hepatic glucose metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS: Thus, based on the available information and literature, targeting these pathways by phycocyanin may unleash an array of benefits, including positive outcomes of the antidiabetic effects of phycocyanin as a nutraceutical.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) at the National Institute of Health. The registration number is CRD42022307522.
OBJECTIVE: This review delves into phycocyanin applications in diabetes and its complications and ascertains the mechanisms involved.
METHODS: Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and ProQuest databases were systematically reviewed (up to April 30, 2023), in which only animal and cellular studies were found.
RESULTS: According to animal studies, the administration of phycocyanin affected biochemical parameters (primary outcome) related to diabetes. These results showed an increase in fasting insulin serum and a decrease in fasting blood glucose, glycosylated serum protein, and glycosylated hemoglobin. In cellular studies, though, phycocyanin prevented methylglyoxal and human islet amyloid polypeptide-induced dysfunction in β-cells and induced apoptosis through different molecular pathways (secondary outcome), including activation of Nrf2, PI3K/Akt, and suppression of JNK and p38. Also, phycocyanin exerted its antidiabetic effect by affecting the pathways regulating hepatic glucose metabolism.
CONCLUSIONS: Thus, based on the available information and literature, targeting these pathways by phycocyanin may unleash an array of benefits, including positive outcomes of the antidiabetic effects of phycocyanin as a nutraceutical.
UNASSIGNED: This systematic review was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) at the National Institute of Health. The registration number is CRD42022307522.
摘要：
背景：营养保健品在其安全性方面已经重要了二十多年，功效,和突出的效果。糖尿病是一种主要的代谢综合征,可以使用营养药物来改善。一些微藻物种，比如螺旋藻,通过提供具有特殊营养特性的生物质而脱颖而出。螺旋藻具有广泛的药理作用，主要与藻蓝蛋白有关。藻蓝蛋白是一种具有抗糖尿病特性的蛋白质化合物，被称为营养食品。
目的：本文对藻蓝蛋白在糖尿病及其并发症中的应用进行了综述，并对其作用机制进行了探讨。
方法：Scopus,PubMed,科克伦图书馆,WebofScience,和ProQuest数据库进行了系统审查(截至2023年4月30日)，其中只有动物和细胞研究被发现。
结果：根据动物研究，藻蓝蛋白的给药会影响与糖尿病相关的生化指标(主要结局).这些结果表明，空腹胰岛素血清增加，空腹血糖下降，糖化血清蛋白，和糖化血红蛋白.在细胞研究中，虽然,藻蓝蛋白预防甲基乙二醛和人胰岛淀粉样多肽诱导的β细胞功能障碍，并通过不同的分子途径诱导细胞凋亡（次要结果），包括激活Nrf2，PI3K/Akt，以及抑制JNK和p38。此外，藻蓝蛋白通过影响调节肝脏葡萄糖代谢的途径发挥其抗糖尿病作用。
结论：因此，根据现有的信息和文献，通过藻蓝蛋白靶向这些途径可能会释放一系列益处，包括藻蓝蛋白作为营养药物的抗糖尿病作用的积极结果。
■该系统评价已在美国国立卫生研究院的国际系统评价前瞻性注册（PROSPERO）中注册。注册号为CRD42022307522。
目的：本文对藻蓝蛋白在糖尿病及其并发症中的应用进行了综述，并对其作用机制进行了探讨。
方法：Scopus,PubMed,科克伦图书馆,WebofScience,和ProQuest数据库进行了系统审查(截至2023年4月30日)，其中只有动物和细胞研究被发现。
结果：根据动物研究，藻蓝蛋白的给药会影响与糖尿病相关的生化指标(主要结局).这些结果表明，空腹胰岛素血清增加，空腹血糖下降，糖化血清蛋白，和糖化血红蛋白.在细胞研究中，虽然,藻蓝蛋白预防甲基乙二醛和人胰岛淀粉样多肽诱导的β细胞功能障碍，并通过不同的分子途径诱导细胞凋亡（次要结果），包括激活Nrf2，PI3K/Akt，以及抑制JNK和p38。此外，藻蓝蛋白通过影响调节肝脏葡萄糖代谢的途径发挥其抗糖尿病作用。
结论：因此，根据现有的信息和文献，通过藻蓝蛋白靶向这些途径可能会释放一系列益处，包括藻蓝蛋白作为营养药物的抗糖尿病作用的积极结果。
■该系统评价已在美国国立卫生研究院的国际系统评价前瞻性注册（PROSPERO）中注册。注册号为CRD42022307522。
