PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Abattoirs are facilities where livestock are slaughtered and are an important aspect in the food production chain. There are several types of abattoirs, which differ in infrastructure and facilities, sanitation and PPE practices, and adherence to regulations. In each abattoir facility, worker exposure to animals and animal products increases their risk of infection from zoonotic pathogens. Backyard abattoirs and slaughter slabs have the highest risk of pathogen transmission because of substandard hygiene practices and minimal infrastructure. These abattoir conditions can often contribute to environmental contamination and may play a significant role in disease outbreaks within communities. To assess further the risk of disease, we conducted a scoping review of parasites and pathogens among livestock and human workers in abattoirs across 13 Eastern African countries, which are hotspots for zoonoses. Our search results (n = 104 articles) showed the presence of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and macroparasites (nematodes, cestodes, etc.) in cattle, goats, sheep, pigs, camels, and poultry. Most articles reported results from cattle, and the most frequent pathogen detected was Mycobacterium bovis, which causes bovine tuberculosis. Some articles included worker survey and questionnaires that suggested how the use of PPE along with proper worker training and safe animal handling practices could reduce disease risk. Based on these findings, we discuss ways to improve abattoir biosafety and increase biosurveillance for disease control and mitigation. Abattoirs are a \'catch all\' for pathogens, and by surveying animals at abattoirs, health officials can determine which diseases are prevalent in different regions and which pathogens are most likely transmitted from wildlife to livestock. We suggest a regional approach to biosurveillance, which will improve testing and data gathering for enhanced disease risk mapping and forecasting. Next generation sequencing will be key in identifying a wide range of pathogens, rather than a targeted approach.
摘要：
屠宰场是屠宰牲畜的设施，是食品生产链中的一个重要方面。有几种类型的屠宰场，基础设施和设施不同，卫生和个人防护装备实践，遵守法规。在每个屠宰场设施中，工人接触动物和动物产品会增加人畜共患病原体感染的风险。后院屠宰场和屠宰场具有最高的病原体传播风险，因为不符合标准的卫生习惯和最少的基础设施。这些屠宰场条件通常会导致环境污染，并可能在社区内的疾病暴发中起重要作用。为了进一步评估疾病的风险，我们对13个东非国家屠宰场的牲畜和人类工人中的寄生虫和病原体进行了范围审查，是人畜共患病的热点。我们的搜索结果（n=104篇文章）显示细菌的存在，病毒,真菌,和大型寄生虫(线虫，Cestodes,等。)在牛中，山羊,绵羊,猪,骆驼,和家禽。大多数文章报道了牛的结果，最常见的病原体是牛分枝杆菌，导致牛结核病。一些文章包括工人调查和问卷调查，建议如何使用PPE以及适当的工人培训和安全的动物处理方法可以降低疾病风险。基于这些发现,我们讨论了提高屠宰场生物安全性和加强生物监测以控制和缓解疾病的方法。屠宰场是病原体的“捕获一切”，通过调查屠宰场的动物，卫生官员可以确定哪些疾病在不同地区流行，哪些病原体最有可能从野生动物传播到牲畜。我们建议采用区域性生物监测方法，这将改善测试和数据收集，以增强疾病风险绘图和预测。下一代测序将是识别各种病原体的关键，而不是有针对性的方法。
