Abstract：
Many strides have been made in neurosurgery during times of war, helping to improve the outcomes of patients in dire circumstances. World War I introduced the concepts of early operation for trauma, forward-operating hospitals, and galeal sutures as well as techniques for careful debridement. It laid the groundwork for neurosurgery to become a specialty within medicine as well. World War II brought about the use of expedited medical evacuation, mobile neurosurgical units, improved resuscitation strategies, cranioplasty, and early laminectomy with decompression. The Korean and Vietnam Wars built on concepts from World Wars I and II, helping to establish the importance of watertight dural closure, external drainage systems after cranial trauma, multidisciplinary care, and infection prevention strategies. In the post-Vietnam period, we have seen significant technological advances allowing neurosurgeons to move farther ahead than most throughout history could have imagined. The significance of secondary brain injury, vascular injury, and the underlying pathophysiology of traumatic insults has been elucidated over the years since the Vietnam War, allowing for great advances in the care of our patients. Each major war throughout history has contributed greatly to the specialty of neurosurgery, each with its own innovations culminating in guidelines, strategies, and standards of practice that allow us to deliver the highest standard of care to our patients.
摘要：
在战争时期，神经外科已经取得了许多进步，帮助改善患者在恶劣情况下的预后。第一次世界大战引入了创伤早期手术的概念，前瞻性经营医院，和galeal缝线以及仔细清创技术。它为神经外科也成为医学专业奠定了基础。第二次世界大战带来了快速医疗后送的使用，移动神经外科，改进的复苏策略，颅骨修补术,早期椎板切除术和减压术。朝鲜战争和越南战争建立在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战的概念上，帮助确定水密硬脑膜封闭的重要性，颅脑外伤后的外部引流系统，多学科护理，和感染预防策略。在后越南时期，我们已经看到了重大的技术进步，使神经外科医生能够比历史上大多数人想象的更远。继发性脑损伤的意义，血管损伤,自越南战争以来，多年来已经阐明了创伤性侮辱的潜在病理生理学，让我们的病人的护理有了很大的进步。历史上的每一场主要战争都为神经外科专业做出了巨大贡献，每个人都有自己的创新，最终形成指导方针，战略,和实践标准，使我们能够为患者提供最高标准的护理。
