PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Conventional neuropsychological norms likely include cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals with preclinical Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) pathology (amyloid-β, tau, and neurodegeneration) since they are based on cohorts without AD biomarkers data. Due to this limitation, population-based norms would lack sensitivity for detecting subtle cognitive decline due to AD, the transitional stage between healthy cognition and mild cognitive impairment. We have recently published norms for memory tests in individuals with normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) AD biomarker levels.
The aim of the present study was to provide further AD biomarker-based cognitive references covering attentional, executive function, linguistic, and visual processing tests.
We analyzed 248 CU individuals aged between 50-70 years old with normal CSF Aβ, p-tau, and neurodegeneration (t-tau) biomarker levels. The tests included were the Trail Making Test (TMT), Semantic Fluency Test, Digit and Symbol Span, Coding, Matrix Reasoning, Judgement of Line Orientation and Visual Puzzles. Normative data were developed based on regression models adjusted for age, education, and sex when needed. We present equations to calculate z-scores, the corresponding normative percentile tables, and online calculators.
Age, education, and sex were associated with performance in all tests, except education for the TMT-A, and sex for the TMT-B, Coding, and Semantic Fluency. Cut-offs derived from the current biomarker-based reference data were higher and more sensitive than standard norms.
We developed reference data obtained from individuals with evidence of non-pathologic AD biomarker levels that may improve the objective characterization of subtle cognitive decline in preclinical AD.
The aim of the present study was to provide further AD biomarker-based cognitive references covering attentional, executive function, linguistic, and visual processing tests.
We analyzed 248 CU individuals aged between 50-70 years old with normal CSF Aβ, p-tau, and neurodegeneration (t-tau) biomarker levels. The tests included were the Trail Making Test (TMT), Semantic Fluency Test, Digit and Symbol Span, Coding, Matrix Reasoning, Judgement of Line Orientation and Visual Puzzles. Normative data were developed based on regression models adjusted for age, education, and sex when needed. We present equations to calculate z-scores, the corresponding normative percentile tables, and online calculators.
Age, education, and sex were associated with performance in all tests, except education for the TMT-A, and sex for the TMT-B, Coding, and Semantic Fluency. Cut-offs derived from the current biomarker-based reference data were higher and more sensitive than standard norms.
We developed reference data obtained from individuals with evidence of non-pathologic AD biomarker levels that may improve the objective characterization of subtle cognitive decline in preclinical AD.
摘要：
背景：常规神经心理学规范可能包括患有临床前阿尔茨海默病（AD）病理的认知未受损（CU）个体（β淀粉样蛋白，tau,和神经变性），因为它们是基于没有AD生物标志物数据的队列。由于这种限制,基于人群的规范对检测AD引起的细微认知下降缺乏敏感性，健康认知与轻度认知障碍的过渡阶段。我们最近发表了在脑脊液（CSF）AD生物标志物水平正常的个体中进行记忆测试的规范。
目的：本研究的目的是提供进一步的基于AD生物标志物的认知参考，执行功能，语言学，和视觉处理测试。
方法：我们分析了248名年龄在50-70岁之间、CSFAβ正常的CU个体，p-tau,和神经变性（t-tau）生物标志物水平。包括的测试是跟踪测试(TMT)，语义流利度测试,数字和符号跨度，编码,矩阵推理，判断线条方向和视觉拼图。规范数据是根据年龄调整后的回归模型制定的，教育,在需要的时候做爱。我们提出方程来计算z分数，相应的规范百分位表，在线计算器
结果：年龄，教育,性别与所有测试中的表现有关，除了TMT-A的教育，TMT-B的性，编码,和语义流畅。从当前基于生物标志物的参考数据得出的截止值比标准规范更高并且更敏感。
结论：我们开发了从具有非病理性AD生物标志物水平证据的个体获得的参考数据，这些数据可以改善临床前AD中细微认知下降的客观表征。
目的：本研究的目的是提供进一步的基于AD生物标志物的认知参考，执行功能，语言学，和视觉处理测试。
方法：我们分析了248名年龄在50-70岁之间、CSFAβ正常的CU个体，p-tau,和神经变性（t-tau）生物标志物水平。包括的测试是跟踪测试(TMT)，语义流利度测试,数字和符号跨度，编码,矩阵推理，判断线条方向和视觉拼图。规范数据是根据年龄调整后的回归模型制定的，教育,在需要的时候做爱。我们提出方程来计算z分数，相应的规范百分位表，在线计算器
结果：年龄，教育,性别与所有测试中的表现有关，除了TMT-A的教育，TMT-B的性，编码,和语义流畅。从当前基于生物标志物的参考数据得出的截止值比标准规范更高并且更敏感。
结论：我们开发了从具有非病理性AD生物标志物水平证据的个体获得的参考数据，这些数据可以改善临床前AD中细微认知下降的客观表征。
