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Abstract：
Concerns regarding the ecological and health risks posed by synthetic insecticides have instigated the exploration of alternative methods for controlling insects, such as entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) as biocontrol agents. Therefore, this review discusses their use as a potential alternative to chemical insecticides and especially focuses on the two major ones, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, as examples. First, this review exemplifies how B. bassiana- and M. anisopliae-based biopesticides are used in the world. Then, we discuss the mechanism of action by which EPF interacts with insects, focusing on the penetration of the cuticle and the subsequent death of the host. The interactions between EPF and the insect microbiome, as well as the enhancement of the insect immune response, are also summarized. Finally, this review presents recent research that N-glycans may play a role in eliciting an immune response in insects, resulting in the increased expression of immune-related genes and smaller peritrophic matrix pores, reducing insect midgut permeability. Overall, this paper provides an overview of the EPF in insect control and highlights the latest developments relating to the interaction between fungi and insect immunity.
摘要：
对合成杀虫剂带来的生态和健康风险的担忧促使人们探索控制昆虫的替代方法，如昆虫病原真菌(EPF)作为生物防治剂。因此,这篇综述讨论了它们作为化学杀虫剂的潜在替代品的用途，特别关注两个主要的杀虫剂，球孢白僵菌和绿僵菌，作为例子。首先,这篇综述举例说明了如何在世界范围内使用基于玄武岩和玄武岩的生物农药。然后，我们讨论了EPF与昆虫相互作用的作用机制，专注于角质层的穿透和随后的宿主死亡。EPF和昆虫微生物组之间的相互作用，以及增强昆虫的免疫反应，也进行了总结。最后,这篇综述介绍了最近的研究，N-聚糖可能在引起昆虫的免疫反应中发挥作用，导致免疫相关基因的表达增加和更小的围食基质孔，降低昆虫中肠渗透性。总的来说,本文概述了EPF在昆虫控制中的作用，并重点介绍了有关真菌与昆虫免疫之间相互作用的最新进展。
