背景:长效杀虫剂掺入网(LLIN)已用于递送接触杀虫剂,作为食品设施中储存的产品昆虫害虫的综合害虫管理工具。尽管已知食物的存在可以改善暴露后的昆虫恢复,目前尚不清楚食品营养质量是否起作用。这里,红面粉甲虫Triboliumcastaneum成虫暴露于两种市售的LIN,Carifend(活性成分α-氯氰菊酯)和D-Terrence(溴氰菊酯),然后转移到含有不同营养质量的食物的培养皿中(例如,面粉与非营养纤维素的0-100%比率)。我们调查了营养的影响,LLIN类型,和暴露后恢复的暴露时间,死亡率,和流动性。
结果:暴露2-168小时后,Carifend和D-Terrence的Castaneum成年人的即时死亡率为0.5%至91.0%,D-Terrence为0%至75.3%。成人恢复和延迟死亡率显著受营养质量的影响,LLIN类型,曝光时间,和恢复时间。对于这两种LLINs,成人恢复随着时间的推移而增加,随着营养质量的提高和暴露时间的减少,回收率更高,死亡率更低的趋势。此外,与10分钟相比,在Carifend或D-Terrence暴露30、60或90分钟后,成人的活动能力降低了数倍。
结论:这项研究表明,营养显著调节LLIN对蓖麻的疗效,从而加强了为食品设施管理者实施严格卫生协议的理由。©2024化学工业学会。本文由美国政府雇员贡献,他们的工作在美国的公共领域。
BACKGROUND: Long-lasting insecticide-incorporated netting (LLIN) has been used to deliver contact insecticides as an integrated pest management tool for stored product insect pests in food facilities. Although the presence of food is known to improve insect recovery after exposure, it is not clear whether food nutritional quality plays a role. Here, the red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum adults were exposed to two commercially available LLINs, Carifend (active ingredient α-cypermethrin) and D-Terrence (deltamethrin), then transferred to Petri dishes with foods with varying nutritional quality (e.g., 0-100% ratios of flour to non-nutritive cellulose). We investigated the effects of nutrition, LLIN type, and exposure time on post-exposure recovery, mortality, and mobility.
RESULTS: After exposure for 2-168 h, the immediate mortality of T. castaneum adults ranged from 0.5% to 91.0% with Carifend and 0% to 75.3% with D-Terrence. Adult recovery and delayed mortality were significantly affected by nutritional quality, LLIN type, exposure time, and recovery time. For both LLINs, adult recovery increased over time, with a trend for higher recovery and lower mortality with increasing nutritional quality and decreasing exposure time. In addition, adult mobility decreased multiple-fold after Carifend or D-Terrence exposure for 30, 60 or 90 min compared to 10 min.
CONCLUSIONS: This study shows nutrition significantly modulates the efficacy of LLIN against T. castaneum, and thus strengthens the rationale for implementing stringent sanitation protocols for food facility managers. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. This article has been contributed to by U.S. Government employees and their work is in the public domain in the USA.