PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Twin samples allow to conduct a quasi-experimental co-twin case-control approach that can control for genetic and environmental confounding in brain-cognition associations, being more informative on causality compared with studies in unrelated individuals. We conducted a review of studies that have utilized discordant co-twin design to investigate the associations of brain imaging markers of Alzheimer\'s disease and cognition. Inclusion criteria encompassed twin pairs discordant for cognition or Alzheimer\'s disease imaging markers and reporting of within-twin pair comparison on the association between cognition and brain measures. Our PubMed search (2022 April 23, updated 2023 March 9) resulted in 18 studies matching these criteria. Alzheimer\'s disease imaging markers have been addressed only by few studies, most with small sample size. Structural magnetic resonance imaging studies have indicated greater hippocampal volume and thicker cortex in co-twins with better cognitive performance compared with their co-twins with poorer cognitive performance. No studies have looked at cortical surface area. Positron emission tomography imaging studies have suggested that lower cortical glucose metabolism rate and higher cortical neuroinflammation, amyloid, and tau accumulations are related to poorer episodic memory in within-twin pair comparisons. Thus far, only cross-sectional within-twin pair associations of cortical amyloid and hippocampal volume with cognition have been replicated.
摘要：
双胞胎样本允许进行准实验的共同双胞胎病例控制方法，可以控制大脑认知关联中的遗传和环境混杂，与无关个体的研究相比，在因果关系方面提供更多信息。我们对利用不一致的共孪生设计来研究阿尔茨海默病的脑成像标志物与认知的关联的研究进行了综述。纳入标准包括在认知或阿尔茨海默病成像标志物方面不一致的双胞胎对，以及在认知和大脑测量之间的关联上的双胞胎对内比较报告。我们的PubMed搜索（2022年4月23日，2023年3月9日更新）导致18项研究符合这些标准。阿尔兹海默病的成像标记只有很少的研究，大多数样本量小。结构磁共振成像研究表明，与认知表现较差的双胞胎相比，具有更好认知表现的双胞胎的海马体积更大，皮质更厚。没有研究研究皮质表面积。正电子发射断层扫描成像研究表明，较低的皮质葡萄糖代谢率和较高的皮质神经炎症，淀粉样蛋白,和tau积累与双胞胎对内比较中较差的情景记忆有关。到目前为止,只有双生子对中皮质淀粉样蛋白和海马体积与认知的横断面关联被复制.
