PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Reports of anthelmintic resistance in Ancylostoma caninum are increasing in frequency in the United States of America (USA). In the last few years in vitro and in vivo studies characterized individual isolates, demonstrating multiple anthelmintic drug resistance (MADR). In 2021, the American Association of Veterinary Parasitologists initiated a hookworm task force to address this issue. The first report of drug resistant A. caninum occurred in 1987 in Australian racing Greyhounds. In the last five years multiple case reports and investigations show drug resistant A. caninum is becoming a much greater problem in the USA and now extends beyond racing Greyhounds into the general companion animal dog population. The literature, regarding drug resistance in livestock and equine nematodes, provides helpful guidance along with diagnostic methods to better understand the evolution and selection of canine MADR hookworms; however, there are limitations and caveats due to A. caninum\'s unique biology and zoonotic potential. Mass drug administration (MDA) of anthelminthic drugs to humans to reduce morbidity associated with human hookworms (Necator americanus) should consider the factors that contributed to the development of MADR A. caninum. Finally, as Greyhound racing undergoes termination in some regions and the retired dogs undergo subsequent rehoming, drug resistant parasites, if present, are carried with them. Drug resistant A. caninum requires greater recognition by the veterinary community, and small animal practitioners need to be aware of the spread into current pet dog populations. The current understanding of anthelmintic resistance, available treatments, and environmental mitigation for these drug resistant A. caninum isolates must be monitored for horizontal spread. A major goal in this emerging problem is to prevent continued dissemination.
摘要：
在美国（USA），关于犬Ancylostoma的驱虫耐药性的报道频率正在增加。在最近几年的体外和体内研究中，单个分离株的特征是，表现出多重驱虫药耐药性（MADR）。2021年，美国兽医寄生虫学家协会发起了一个钩虫工作组来解决这个问题。抗药性A.caninum的第一份报告发生在1987年的澳大利亚赛马灰狗。在过去的五年中，多个病例报告和调查表明，在美国，耐药的A.caninum正在成为一个更大的问题，现在已经超越了赛跑灰狗，进入了一般的伴侣动物狗种群。文学，关于牲畜和马线虫的耐药性，提供有用的指导以及诊断方法，以更好地了解犬MADR钩虫的进化和选择;然而，由于A.caninum独特的生物学和人畜共患潜力，因此存在局限性和警告。对人类进行抗蠕虫药物的大量给药（MDA）以减少与人类钩虫（Necatoramericanus）相关的发病率，应考虑促成MADRA的发展的因素。最后,随着灰狗赛车在某些地区被终止，退休的狗随后被重新安置，耐药寄生虫，如果存在，他们随身携带。耐药的A.caninum需要得到兽医界的更多认可，小动物从业者需要意识到目前宠物狗种群的传播。目前对驱虫药抗性的理解，可用的治疗方法,和环境缓解这些耐药的A.caninum分离株必须监测水平传播。这个新出现的问题的一个主要目标是防止继续传播。
