Abstract：
Spirulina species are photosynthetic and filamentous bacteria, commonly called \'blue-green microalgae\'. Spirulina has a high nutrient content. It contains 60-70% protein with all essential amino acids present, and is rich in several vitamins, minerals, and bioactive compounds. Spirulina is also rich in essential fatty acids, and antioxidants. This rich nutritional content provides to Spirulina several health benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulation, and insulin-sensitizing properties as well as positive effects in various diseases which could be also interesting for athletes. This paper mainly aims to review the interest and effects of Spirulina supplementation in athletes at rest, and in relation to exercise/training. Spirulina\'s biochemical composition, health properties/effects in humans, and effects in athletes including nutritional status, body composition, physical performance and intense exercise-related disorders were discussed in this review. Literature data showed that Spirulina seems to have positive effects on body composition especially in overweight and obese subjects which could not be the case in other pathologies and athletes. Spirulina appears to be also effective in improving aerobic fitness especially in untrained and moderately trained subjects. Results reported in the literature suggest that Spirulina may improve strength and power performance despite the minor or no significant effects in highly trained subjects. Most studies have shown that Spirulina improves antioxidant status, prevents and accelerates the recovery of exercise-induced lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and inflammation in trained and untrained subjects. Taken together, the results from these studies are encouraging and may demonstrate the potential benefits of Spirulina supplementation in athletes despite methodological differences.
摘要：
螺旋藻是光合和丝状细菌，通常被称为“蓝绿色微藻”。螺旋藻的营养成分很高。它含有60-70％的蛋白质和所有必需氨基酸，富含多种维生素，矿物,和生物活性化合物。螺旋藻还富含必需脂肪酸，和抗氧化剂。这种丰富的营养成分为螺旋藻提供了几种健康益处，包括抗氧化剂，抗炎,免疫调节,和胰岛素致敏特性以及在各种疾病中的积极作用，这对运动员也很有趣。本文主要对运动员休息时补充螺旋藻的兴趣和效果进行综述。与锻炼/训练有关。螺旋藻的生化成分,对人类的健康特性/影响，以及对运动员的影响，包括营养状况，身体成分,本综述讨论了体力表现和剧烈运动相关障碍。文献数据表明，螺旋藻似乎对身体成分有积极影响，尤其是在超重和肥胖受试者中，而在其他病理和运动员中并非如此。螺旋藻似乎在改善有氧健身方面也有效，尤其是在未经训练和中等训练的受试者中。文献报道的结果表明，尽管在训练有素的受试者中效果较小或没有显着影响，但螺旋藻可以改善力量和力量表现。大多数研究表明，螺旋藻可以改善抗氧化状态，预防和加速运动引起的脂质过氧化的恢复，受过训练和未经训练的受试者的肌肉损伤和炎症。一起来看,这些研究的结果令人鼓舞,可能证明了运动员补充螺旋藻的潜在益处,尽管方法学上存在差异.
