Abstract：
Bolus residue is significant risk factor for postswallow aspiration. A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the role of bolus residue and its relation with respiratory problems in children with esophageal atresia. Children were evaluated for demographic features, type of esophageal atresia, associated anomalies, and respiratory problems. The videofluoroscopic swallowing evaluation (VFSE) was performed, and scored by using the penetration aspiration scale (PAS), bolus residual score (BRS) and normalized residual ratio scale (NRRS). Children with and without respiratory problems were also compared in terms of aspiration and bolus residue. Forty-one children with a median age of 15 months (1-138 months), male:female ratio of 26:15 was included. 65.9% (n = 27) of children were type-C and 24.4% (n = 10) were type-A EA. In 61% (n = 25) of children had liquid aspiration (PAS ≥ 6) and 9.8% (n = 4) had aspiration in pudding consistencies. Children with aspiration in liquids had significantly higher NRRS and BRS scores in vallecular residue for pudding consistencies when compared to children without aspiration (p < 0.05). No difference was detected in terms of PAS scores and bolus residual parameters between children with and without respiratory problems (p > 0.05). Children with aspiration in liquids have higher scores of BRS and NRRS at the level of vallecular especially in pudding consistencies. VFSE findings for bolus residue did not show significant relation with respiratory problems. Respiratory morbidity in children with EA is multifactorial and may not only explained by bolus residuals and aspiration.
摘要：
团注残留是吞咽后误吸的重要危险因素。进行了一项回顾性研究，以评估食道闭锁患儿食团残留物的作用及其与呼吸问题的关系。评估儿童的人口统计特征，食管闭锁类型,相关异常，和呼吸问题。进行视频透视吞咽评估（VFSE），并使用渗透抽吸量表(PAS)进行评分，团注残差评分(BRS)和归一化残差比量表(NRRS)。还比较了有和没有呼吸问题的儿童的吸入和推注残留物。41名儿童，中位年龄为15个月(1-138个月)，男性：女性比例为26:15。65.9%(n=27)的儿童为C型，24.4%(n=10)的儿童为A型EA。61％（n=25）的儿童有液体吸入（PAS≥6），9.8％（n=4）的儿童有布丁稠度吸入。与没有吸入性的儿童相比，吸入性液体的儿童在布丁稠度的瓣膜残留物中的NRRS和BRS评分明显更高（p<0.05）。在有和没有呼吸问题的儿童之间，PAS评分和推注残留参数没有发现差异（p>0.05）。误吸液体的儿童在谷类水平上的BRS和NRRS得分较高，尤其是在布丁稠度方面。推注残留物的VFSE发现与呼吸问题没有显着关系。EA患儿的呼吸道发病率是多因素的，不仅可以通过食团残留和误吸来解释。
