PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Psychoactive drugs modulate learning and emotional processes in ways that could impact their recreational and medical use. Recent work has revealed how drugs impact different stages of processing emotional episodic memories, specifically encoding (forming memories), consolidation (stabilizing memories), and retrieval (accessing memories). Drugs administered before encoding may preferentially impair (e.g., GABAA sedatives including alcohol and benzodiazepines, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol or THC, ketamine), enhance (e.g., dextroamphetamine and dextromethamphetamine), or both impair and enhance (i.e., ± 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine or MDMA) emotionally negative and positive compared to neutral memories. GABAA sedatives administered immediately post-encoding (during consolidation) can preferentially enhance emotional memories, though this selectivity may decline or even reverse (i.e., preferential enhancement of neutral memories) as the delay between encoding and retrieval increases. Finally, retrieving memories under the effects of THC, dextroamphetamine, MDMA, and perhaps GABAA sedatives distorts memory, with potentially greater selectively for emotional (especially positive) memories. We review these effects, propose neural mechanisms, discuss methodological considerations for future work, and speculate how drug effects on emotional episodic memory may contribute to drug use and abuse.
摘要：
精神活性药物以可能影响其娱乐和医疗用途的方式调节学习和情绪过程。最近的工作揭示了药物如何影响处理情绪情景记忆的不同阶段，特别是编码(形成记忆)，巩固(稳定记忆)，和检索（访问记忆）。在编码之前施用的药物可能优先损害(例如，GABAA镇静剂，包括酒精和苯二氮卓类药物，Δ9-四氢大麻酚或THC，氯胺酮)，增强(例如，右苯丙胺和右甲基苯丙胺)，或既削弱又增强(即，±3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺或MDMA）与中性记忆相比，情绪上呈阴性和阳性。GABAA镇静剂在编码后（巩固期间）立即施用可以优先增强情绪记忆，尽管这种选择性可能会下降甚至逆转(即，中性记忆的优先增强)随着编码和检索之间的延迟增加。最后,在THC的作用下恢复记忆，右旋苯丙胺,MDMA,也许GABAA镇静剂会扭曲记忆，对情感(尤其是积极的)记忆有更大的选择性。我们回顾了这些影响，提出神经机制，讨论未来工作的方法论考虑，并推测药物对情绪情景记忆的影响可能导致药物的使用和滥用。
