Abstract：
Among animals defined as \"pests\", cockroaches and rodents (mouse and rat) represent the most common cause of airway allergic sensitization and bronchial asthma worldwide. Their frequency of sensitization has been widely assessed in US and other countries but poorly in Western Europe. This narrative review aims to provide a synthesis of data resulting in MEDLINE concerning allergic sensitization/asthma to pests as well as their related environmental/social risk factors, specifically in the European area.
We performed a literature research in MEDLINE for clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
We selected studies to the following key words: allergic sensitization, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, cockroach, hypersensitivity, integrated pest management, material hardship, medication compliance, mouse, pest, poverty, rat, rodents.
Current evidence indicates that residence in poor and urban areas, exposure to outdoor/indoor pollutants and tobacco smoke, poverty, material hardship, poor-quality housing, differences in health care quality, medication compliance, health care access contribute to increased pest-related allergic sensitization and asthma morbidity.
Further research should be done on many aspects of pest allergy such as a better characterization of allergens and epidemiological aspects. Relevant social actions should be carried out against poverty, healthcare disparities, psycho-social stress, poor compliance to therapy, with economic contributions to improve private and public living environments. Allergic sensitization to pests and pest-allergic respiratory diseases like asthma are \"paradoxical\" conditions, as they typically affect the poorest communities but can only be corrected by high-cost (diagnostic and preventive) interventions. We hope that progress can be made in this direction in the future.
We performed a literature research in MEDLINE for clinical trials, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews and meta-analyses.
We selected studies to the following key words: allergic sensitization, allergic rhinitis, bronchial asthma, cockroach, hypersensitivity, integrated pest management, material hardship, medication compliance, mouse, pest, poverty, rat, rodents.
Current evidence indicates that residence in poor and urban areas, exposure to outdoor/indoor pollutants and tobacco smoke, poverty, material hardship, poor-quality housing, differences in health care quality, medication compliance, health care access contribute to increased pest-related allergic sensitization and asthma morbidity.
Further research should be done on many aspects of pest allergy such as a better characterization of allergens and epidemiological aspects. Relevant social actions should be carried out against poverty, healthcare disparities, psycho-social stress, poor compliance to therapy, with economic contributions to improve private and public living environments. Allergic sensitization to pests and pest-allergic respiratory diseases like asthma are \"paradoxical\" conditions, as they typically affect the poorest communities but can only be corrected by high-cost (diagnostic and preventive) interventions. We hope that progress can be made in this direction in the future.
摘要：
■在定义为“害虫”的动物中，蟑螂和啮齿动物（小鼠和大鼠）是全球气道过敏性致敏和支气管哮喘的最常见原因。他们的致敏频率在美国和其他国家得到了广泛评估，但在西欧却很差。这篇叙述性综述旨在提供有关对害虫的过敏性致敏/哮喘及其相关环境/社会风险因素的MEDLINE数据的综合。特别是在欧洲地区。数据来源：我们在MEDLINE进行了临床试验的文献研究，随机对照试验，系统评价和荟萃分析。研究选择：我们选择了以下关键词的研究：过敏性致敏，过敏性鼻炎,支气管哮喘,蟑螂,超敏反应，综合虫害管理，物质上的艰苦,服药依从性,鼠标,害虫,贫穷,rat,啮齿动物。
■目前的证据表明，居住在贫困和城市地区，暴露于室外/室内污染物和烟草烟雾，贫穷,物质上的艰苦,劣质住房,医疗保健质量的差异，服药依从性,获得医疗保健有助于增加与害虫相关的过敏致敏和哮喘发病率。
■应该对害虫过敏的许多方面进行进一步的研究，例如更好地表征过敏原和流行病学方面。应采取相关社会行动消除贫困，医疗保健差距，心理社会压力,对治疗的依从性差，为改善私人和公共生活环境做出经济贡献。对害虫过敏和害虫过敏性呼吸道疾病如哮喘是“自相矛盾”的条件，因为它们通常影响最贫穷的社区，但只能通过高成本（诊断和预防）干预措施来纠正。我们希望今后能够在这个方向上取得进展。
■目前的证据表明，居住在贫困和城市地区，暴露于室外/室内污染物和烟草烟雾，贫穷,物质上的艰苦,劣质住房,医疗保健质量的差异，服药依从性,获得医疗保健有助于增加与害虫相关的过敏致敏和哮喘发病率。
■应该对害虫过敏的许多方面进行进一步的研究，例如更好地表征过敏原和流行病学方面。应采取相关社会行动消除贫困，医疗保健差距，心理社会压力,对治疗的依从性差，为改善私人和公共生活环境做出经济贡献。对害虫过敏和害虫过敏性呼吸道疾病如哮喘是“自相矛盾”的条件，因为它们通常影响最贫穷的社区，但只能通过高成本（诊断和预防）干预措施来纠正。我们希望今后能够在这个方向上取得进展。
