Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Buffaloes are important contributors to the livestock economy in many countries, particularly in Asia, and tick-borne pathogens (TBPs) commonly infect buffaloes, giving rise to serious pathologies other than their zoonotic potential.
METHODS: The present investigation focuses on the prevalence of TBPs infecting buffaloes worldwide. All published global data on TBPs in buffaloes were collected from different databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) and subjected to various meta-analyses using OpenMeta[Analyst] software, and all analyses were conducted based on a 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS: Over 100 articles discussing the prevalence and species diversity of TBPs in buffaloes were retrieved. Most of these reports focused on water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), whereas a few reports on TBPs in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) had been published. The pooled global prevalence of the apicomplexan parasites Babesia and Theileria, as well as the bacterial pathogens Anaplasma, Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia, Bartonella, and Ehrlichia in addition to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, were all evaluated based on the detection methods and 95% confidence intervals. Interestingly, no Rickettsia spp. were detected in buffaloes with scarce data. TBPs of buffaloes displayed a fairly high species diversity, which underlines the high infection risk to other animals, especially cattle. Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. orientalis, B. occultans and B. naoakii, Theileria annulata, T. orientalis complex (orientalis/sergenti/buffeli), T. parva, T. mutans, T. sinensis, T. velifera, T. lestoquardi-like, T. taurotragi, T. sp. (buffalo) and T. ovis, and Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale, A. platys, A. platys-like and \"Candidatus Anaplasma boleense\" were all were identified from naturally infected buffaloes.
CONCLUSIONS: Several important aspects were highlighted for the status of TBPs, which have serious economic implications for the buffalo as well as cattle industries, particularly in Asian and African countries, which should aid in the development and implementation of prevention and control methods for veterinary care practitioners, and animal owners.
METHODS: The present investigation focuses on the prevalence of TBPs infecting buffaloes worldwide. All published global data on TBPs in buffaloes were collected from different databases (e.g., PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) and subjected to various meta-analyses using OpenMeta[Analyst] software, and all analyses were conducted based on a 95% confidence interval.
RESULTS: Over 100 articles discussing the prevalence and species diversity of TBPs in buffaloes were retrieved. Most of these reports focused on water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis), whereas a few reports on TBPs in African buffaloes (Syncerus caffer) had been published. The pooled global prevalence of the apicomplexan parasites Babesia and Theileria, as well as the bacterial pathogens Anaplasma, Coxiella burnetii, Borrelia, Bartonella, and Ehrlichia in addition to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus, were all evaluated based on the detection methods and 95% confidence intervals. Interestingly, no Rickettsia spp. were detected in buffaloes with scarce data. TBPs of buffaloes displayed a fairly high species diversity, which underlines the high infection risk to other animals, especially cattle. Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. orientalis, B. occultans and B. naoakii, Theileria annulata, T. orientalis complex (orientalis/sergenti/buffeli), T. parva, T. mutans, T. sinensis, T. velifera, T. lestoquardi-like, T. taurotragi, T. sp. (buffalo) and T. ovis, and Anaplasma marginale, A. centrale, A. platys, A. platys-like and \"Candidatus Anaplasma boleense\" were all were identified from naturally infected buffaloes.
CONCLUSIONS: Several important aspects were highlighted for the status of TBPs, which have serious economic implications for the buffalo as well as cattle industries, particularly in Asian and African countries, which should aid in the development and implementation of prevention and control methods for veterinary care practitioners, and animal owners.
摘要：
背景：水牛是许多国家畜牧业经济的重要贡献者，尤其是在亚洲,蜱传病原体（TBP）通常感染水牛，除了它们的人畜共患潜力之外，还产生了严重的病理。
方法：本调查的重点是全球水牛感染TBP的患病率。所有已发布的水牛TBP全球数据都是从不同的数据库中收集的(例如，PubMed,Scopus,ScienceDirect,和谷歌学者)，并使用OpenMeta[分析师]软件进行各种荟萃分析，所有分析均基于95%置信区间进行.
结果：检索了100多篇文章，讨论了水牛中TBP的患病率和物种多样性。这些报告大多集中在水牛（Bubalusbubalis），而一些关于非洲水牛（Synceruscaffer）TBP的报告已经发表。根尖丛寄生虫Babesia和Theileria的全球患病率，以及细菌病原体无性体，伯内蒂柯西拉,疏螺旋体,巴尔通体,埃里希菌除了克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒，全部基于检测方法和95%置信区间进行评估。有趣的是,没有立克次体。在水牛中检测到的数据很少。水牛的TBP表现出相当高的物种多样性，这突显了对其他动物的高感染风险，尤其是牛。Babesiabovis,B.bigemina,B.东方，B.神秘主义者和B.Naoakii，环流泰勒,T.Orientaliscomplex(orientalis/sergenti/buffeli),T.Parva,T.mutans,T.sinensis,T.velifera,T.类酒鬼，T.taurostragi,T.sp.（水牛）和T.Ovis，和边缘无理虫，A.centrale,A.Platys,从自然感染的水牛中鉴定出类似白斑的和“念珠菌无性菌”。
结论：强调了TBP状态的几个重要方面，这对水牛和养牛业都有严重的经济影响，特别是在亚洲和非洲国家，应有助于制定和实施兽医从业人员的预防和控制方法，动物主人
方法：本调查的重点是全球水牛感染TBP的患病率。所有已发布的水牛TBP全球数据都是从不同的数据库中收集的(例如，PubMed,Scopus,ScienceDirect,和谷歌学者)，并使用OpenMeta[分析师]软件进行各种荟萃分析，所有分析均基于95%置信区间进行.
结果：检索了100多篇文章，讨论了水牛中TBP的患病率和物种多样性。这些报告大多集中在水牛（Bubalusbubalis），而一些关于非洲水牛（Synceruscaffer）TBP的报告已经发表。根尖丛寄生虫Babesia和Theileria的全球患病率，以及细菌病原体无性体，伯内蒂柯西拉,疏螺旋体,巴尔通体,埃里希菌除了克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒，全部基于检测方法和95%置信区间进行评估。有趣的是,没有立克次体。在水牛中检测到的数据很少。水牛的TBP表现出相当高的物种多样性，这突显了对其他动物的高感染风险，尤其是牛。Babesiabovis,B.bigemina,B.东方，B.神秘主义者和B.Naoakii，环流泰勒,T.Orientaliscomplex(orientalis/sergenti/buffeli),T.Parva,T.mutans,T.sinensis,T.velifera,T.类酒鬼，T.taurostragi,T.sp.（水牛）和T.Ovis，和边缘无理虫，A.centrale,A.Platys,从自然感染的水牛中鉴定出类似白斑的和“念珠菌无性菌”。
结论：强调了TBP状态的几个重要方面，这对水牛和养牛业都有严重的经济影响，特别是在亚洲和非洲国家，应有助于制定和实施兽医从业人员的预防和控制方法，动物主人
