Abstract：
In a variety of European countries SEM/EDXA based methods are widely used for the measurements and judgements relating thereof regarding asbestos analysis. Most of these methods are used also for other fibrous particles, commonly indicated as Elongate Mineral Particles (EMPs). The span of guidelines reflects the broad use of SEM/EDXA as an analytical method. Guidelines regarding air measurements both for ambient and indoor air are well established. These methods are widely used as is shown in a proficiency testing scheme, organized by the British Health and Safety Executive (HSL) with participants from countries all over Europe and some countries from Asia and Africa. For workplaces a similar guideline with a reduced sensitivity is available, allowing measurements in higher dust concentrations. Features of the methods like analytical sensitivity, detection limits and measurement uncertainty are discussed. For material analysis we apply different analytical methods, using SEM/EDXA as a final step. They are different both in sample preparation and sensitivity. Most of the methods are qualitative or \"semi-quantitative\" and thought for the analysis of commercial asbestos containing products mainly. If quantitative analysis based on EDXA is used for identification other EMPs can be identified as well. An important tool is the morphological impression of the fibers or structures in the SEM in addition. Changes in regulations which may be expected, will modify some of the methods. Especially lowered Threshold Limit Values (TLV\'s) in occupational air measurements are difficult to achieve.
摘要：
在许多欧洲国家，基于SEM/EDXA的方法广泛用于石棉分析的测量和判断。这些方法中的大多数也用于其他纤维颗粒，通常表示为细长矿物颗粒(EMPs)。指南的范围反映了SEM/EDXA作为分析方法的广泛使用。关于环境和室内空气的空气测量的指南已经建立。这些方法被广泛使用，如能力测试方案所示，由英国健康与安全执行官（HSL）组织，来自欧洲各国以及亚洲和非洲的一些国家的参与者。对于工作场所，可以使用灵敏度降低的类似指南，允许测量更高的粉尘浓度。这些方法的特点，如分析灵敏度，检测限和测量不确定度进行了讨论。对于材料分析，我们采用不同的分析方法，使用SEM/EDXA作为最后一步。它们在样品制备和灵敏度方面都不同。大多数方法是定性或“半定量”，主要用于商业含石棉产品的分析。如果基于EDXA的定量分析用于鉴定,则也可以鉴定其他EMP。另外,重要的工具是SEM中的纤维或结构的形态印象。法规可能会发生变化，将修改一些方法。在职业空气测量中，很难实现特别降低的阈值极限值（TLV）。
