Abstract：
Emotional eating or the tendency to eat in response to emotional states can be assessed using self-report measures. The Emotional Eating Scale-II is a commonly used and reliable instrument that measures the desire to eat in response to a range of unpleasant and pleasant emotions. The current study aimed to corroborate the validity of the EES-II and expand its utility by investigating its dimensionality and testing its measurement invariance in samples from English-speaking and non-English-speaking countries. Convergent and predictive validity in respect of food craving, eating, and health indicators were also examined. This cross-national study included a total of 2485 adult participants recruited from Finland, North America, Philippines, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Spain, and South Korea, who completed the EES-II in six different languages. Factor analyses supported a four-factor structure including valence (pleasant, unpleasant) and activation (high, low) for a 12-item English version and slightly modified non-English adaptations. The model exhibited good fit in all samples, and convergent validity was demonstrated. Full invariance of factor loadings and partial invariance of factor loading, intercepts, and error variances was established across samples. Structural equation models revealed that high activation (pleasant and unpleasant) states predicted food cravings and reported eating. Overall findings across multiple samples and countries supported the factorial structure, reliability, invariance, and validity of the resulting Brief Emotional Eating Scale (BEES).
摘要：
可以使用自我报告措施来评估情绪进食或对情绪状态的反应的倾向。情绪饮食量表-II是一种常用且可靠的工具，用于测量对一系列不愉快和愉快情绪的进食欲望。当前的研究旨在通过调查EES-II的维度并在来自英语和非英语国家的样本中测试其测量不变性来证实EES-II的有效性并扩大其实用性。关于食物渴望的收敛有效性和预测有效性，吃,和健康指标也进行了检查。这项跨国研究包括从芬兰招募的2485名成年参与者，北美,菲律宾,英国,中国,意大利,西班牙,还有韩国,他用六种不同的语言完成了EES-II。因子分析支持四因素结构，包括效价(令人愉快，令人不快)和激活(高，低）为12个项目的英语版本和稍微修改的非英语改编。该模型在所有样品中都表现出良好的拟合，并证明了收敛有效性。因子载荷的完全不变性和因子载荷的部分不变性，拦截,并且在样本之间建立了误差方差。结构方程模型显示，高激活（愉快和不愉快）状态预测了食物的渴望并报告了饮食。多个样本和国家的总体调查结果支持阶乘结构，可靠性,不变性,和由此产生的简短情绪饮食量表(BEES)的有效性。
