Abstract：
Consumers demand safe and nutritious foods at accessible prices; where issues associated with adulteration, fraud, and provenance have become important aspects to be considered by the modern food industry. There are many analytical techniques and methods available to determine food composition and quality, including food security. Among them, vibrational spectroscopy techniques are at the first line of defence (near and mid infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy). In this study, a portable near infrared (NIR) instrument was evaluated to identify different levels of adulteration between binary mixtures of exotic and traditional meat species. Fresh meat cuts of lamb (Ovis aries), emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae), camel (Camelus dromedarius) and beef (Bos taurus) sourced from a commercial abattoir were used to make different binary mixtures (95 % %w/w, 90 % %w/w, 50 % %w/w, 10 % %w/w and 5 % %w/w) and analysed using a portable NIR instrument. The NIR spectra of the meat mixtures was analysed using principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). Two isosbestic points corresponding to absorbances at 1028 nm and 1224 nm were found to be consistent across all the binary mixtures analysed. The coefficient of determination in cross validation (R2) obtained for the determination of the per cent of species in a binary mixture was above 90 % with a standard error in cross validation (SECV) ranging between 12.6 and 15 %w/w. Overall, the results of this study indicate that NIR spectroscopy can determine the level or ratio of adulteration in the binary mixtures of minced meat.
摘要：
消费者要求以可获得的价格提供安全和营养的食品；在与掺假相关的问题上，欺诈,和来源已经成为现代食品工业需要考虑的重要方面。有许多分析技术和方法可用于确定食品成分和质量，包括粮食安全。其中,振动光谱技术处于第一道防线(近红外和中红外光谱，和拉曼光谱）。在这项研究中,评估了便携式近红外（NIR）仪器，以识别外来和传统肉类的二元混合物之间的不同程度的掺假。羊肉鲜肉（Ovisaries），emu(Dromaiusnovaehollandiae)，来自商业屠宰场的骆驼（Camelusdromedarius）和牛肉（Bostaurus）用于制造不同的二元混合物（95％w/w，90%%w/w,50%%w/w,10%%w/w和5%w/w)并使用便携式NIR仪器进行分析。使用主成分分析(PCA)分析了肉混合物的近红外光谱，和偏最小二乘判别分析(PLS-DA)。发现对应于1028nm和1224nm处的吸光度的两个等吸收点在所分析的所有二元混合物中是一致的。用于确定二元混合物中物种百分比的交叉验证中的确定系数（R2）高于90％，交叉验证中的标准误差（SECV）在12.6至15％w/w之间。总的来说,这项研究的结果表明，近红外光谱可以确定肉末二元混合物中掺假的水平或比例。
