Abstract：
Arsenic is a highly toxic metalloid widespread in the Earth\'s crust, and its contamination due to different anthropogenic activities (application of agrochemicals, mining, waste management) represents an emerging environmental issue. Therefore, different sustainable and effective remediation methods and approaches are needed to prevent and protect humans and other organisms from detrimental arsenic exposure. Among numerous arsenic remediation methods, those supported by using microbes as sorbents (microbial remediation), and/or plants as green factories (phytoremediation) are considered as cost-effective and environmentally-friendly bioremediation. In addition, recent advances in genetic modifications and biotechnology have been used to develop (i) more efficient transgenic microbes and plants that can (hyper)accumulate or detoxify arsenic, and (ii) novel organo-mineral materials for more efficient arsenic remediation. In this review, the most recent insights from arsenic bio-/phytoremediation are presented, and the most relevant physiological and molecular mechanisms involved in arsenic biological routes, which can be useful starting points in the creation of more arsenic-tolerant microbes and plants, as well as their symbiotic associations are discussed.
摘要：
砷是一种广泛存在于地壳中的剧毒类金属,以及由于不同的人为活动而造成的污染(农用化学品的应用，采矿,废物管理)代表了一个新兴的环境问题。因此,需要不同的可持续和有效的修复方法和方法来防止和保护人类和其他生物免受有害砷的暴露。在众多的砷修复方法中,那些通过使用微生物作为吸附剂(微生物修复)支持的和/或植物作为绿色工厂（植物修复）被认为是具有成本效益和环境友好的生物修复。此外,遗传修饰和生物技术的最新进展已用于开发（i）更有效的转基因微生物和植物，可以（超）积累或解毒砷，和（ii）用于更有效地修复砷的新型有机矿物材料。在这次审查中,介绍了砷生物/植物修复的最新见解，以及砷生物途径中最相关的生理和分子机制，这可能是创造更多耐砷微生物和植物的有用起点，以及它们的共生关系进行了讨论。
