Abstract：
This study investigated the contamination and health risk assessment of heavy metals and organophosphorus pesticides in single, double, and ratoon cropping of rice in Mazandaran province, north of Iran. A total of 17 sampling locations in rice farms were selected and soil and rice samples were collected from farms in 5 counties of Mazandaran. Soil and rice samples were then transferred to the lab for further analysis. The concentration of pesticides and heavy metals was then analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), respectively. Mercury was analyzed using a Leco mercury analyzer. Target hazard quotient (THQ), total target hazard quotient (TTHQ), carcinogenic risk (CR), and total carcinogenic risk (TCR) in children and adults were used. Potential ecological risk also was used to test the possible hazards of heavy metals to the environment. Heavy metals concentration in rice and soil samples in different farming steps revealed different levels. THQ showed no considerable risk in consuming contaminated rice to adults and children considered, while TTHQ revealed potential non-carcinogenic risks. Ni had the most carcinogenic risks to target human groups, and TCR showed carcinogenicity for carcinogenic heavy metals in all stations. Findings showed no ecological risks of metals to the environment. In conclusion, rice farmers in Mazandaran use the lands multiple times during the year to increase the performance, function, quality, and quantity of rice, but the possible toxic effects of heavy metals and pesticides on consumers and the environment should not be overlooked.
摘要：
本研究调查了重金属和有机磷农药的污染和健康风险评估，双,在马赞达兰省种植水稻，伊朗北部。在水稻农场中总共选择了17个采样位置，并从Mazandaran的5个县的农场收集了土壤和水稻样品。然后将土壤和水稻样品转移到实验室进行进一步分析。然后使用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)分析农药和重金属的浓度,分别。使用Leco汞分析仪分析汞。目标危险商（THQ），总目标危险商(TTHQ)，致癌风险（CR），使用儿童和成人的总致癌风险（TCR）。还使用了潜在的生态风险来测试重金属对环境的可能危害。不同耕作步骤中水稻和土壤样品中的重金属浓度显示出不同的水平。THQ对成人和儿童食用受污染的大米没有相当大的风险，而TTHQ揭示了潜在的非致癌风险。Ni对目标人群的致癌风险最大，TCR对所有站点的致癌重金属均具有致癌性。研究结果表明，金属对环境没有生态风险。总之,Mazandaran的稻农在一年中多次使用土地来提高性能，函数,质量,和大米的数量，但是重金属和农药对消费者和环境的可能毒性作用不容忽视。
