Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Cultivated peanut (Arachis hypogaea), a progeny of the cross between A. duranensis and A. ipaensis, is an important oil and protein crop from South America. To date, at least six Arachis genomes have been sequenced. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play crucial roles in plant growth, development, and response to abiotic and biotic stresses. WRKY TFs have been identified in A. duranensis, A. ipaensis, and A. hypogaea cv. Tifrunner; however, variations in their number and evolutionary patterns across various Arachis spp. remain unclear.
RESULTS: WRKY TFs were identified and compared across different Arachis species, including A. duranensis, A. ipaensis, A. monticola, A. hypogaea cultivars (cv.) Fuhuasheng, A. hypogaea cv. Shitouqi, and A. hypogaea cv. Tifrunner. The results showed that the WRKY TFs underwent dynamic equilibrium between diploid and tetraploid peanut species, characterized by the loss of old WRKY TFs and retention of the new ones. Notably, cultivated peanuts inherited more conserved WRKY orthologs from wild tetraploid peanuts than their wild diploid donors. Analysis of the W-box elements and protein-protein interactions revealed that different domestication processes affected WRKY evolution across cultivated peanut varieties. WRKY TFs of A. hypogaea cv. Fuhuasheng and Shitouqi exhibited a similar domestication process, while those of cv. Tifrunner of the same species underwent a different domestication process based on protein-protein interaction analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new insights into the evolution of WRKY TFs in Arachis spp.
RESULTS: WRKY TFs were identified and compared across different Arachis species, including A. duranensis, A. ipaensis, A. monticola, A. hypogaea cultivars (cv.) Fuhuasheng, A. hypogaea cv. Shitouqi, and A. hypogaea cv. Tifrunner. The results showed that the WRKY TFs underwent dynamic equilibrium between diploid and tetraploid peanut species, characterized by the loss of old WRKY TFs and retention of the new ones. Notably, cultivated peanuts inherited more conserved WRKY orthologs from wild tetraploid peanuts than their wild diploid donors. Analysis of the W-box elements and protein-protein interactions revealed that different domestication processes affected WRKY evolution across cultivated peanut varieties. WRKY TFs of A. hypogaea cv. Fuhuasheng and Shitouqi exhibited a similar domestication process, while those of cv. Tifrunner of the same species underwent a different domestication process based on protein-protein interaction analysis.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides new insights into the evolution of WRKY TFs in Arachis spp.
摘要：
背景：栽培花生（花生），杜兰A.duranensis和ipaensis杂交的后代，是南美重要的石油和蛋白质作物。迄今为止,至少有六个Arachis基因组被测序。WRKY转录因子（TFs）在植物生长中起着至关重要的作用，发展,以及对非生物和生物胁迫的反应。WRKYTFs已在杜兰酵母中鉴定出，A.ipaensis，和A.hypogaeacv。Tifrunner;然而,它们在各种Arachisspp中的数量和进化模式的变化。仍然不清楚。
结果：WRKYTFs在不同的花生物种中进行了鉴定和比较，包括杜兰奈斯，A.ipaensis，A.Monticola,A.hypogaea品种（简历。)福华生,A.hypogaeacv。石头旗,和A.hypogaeacv。Tifrunner.结果表明，WRKYTFs在二倍体和四倍体花生物种之间处于动态平衡状态，其特点是失去旧的WRKYTFs和保留新的TFs。值得注意的是,栽培花生比野生二倍体供体从野生四倍体花生中继承了更多保守的WRKY直系同源物。对W盒元素和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的分析表明，不同的驯化过程会影响栽培花生品种的WRKY进化。A.hypogaeacv的WRKYTFs。福华生和石头旗表现出相似的驯化过程，而那些cv。根据蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析，同一物种的Tifrunner经历了不同的驯化过程。
结论：这项研究为Arachisspp中WRKYTFs的进化提供了新的见解。
结果：WRKYTFs在不同的花生物种中进行了鉴定和比较，包括杜兰奈斯，A.ipaensis，A.Monticola,A.hypogaea品种（简历。)福华生,A.hypogaeacv。石头旗,和A.hypogaeacv。Tifrunner.结果表明，WRKYTFs在二倍体和四倍体花生物种之间处于动态平衡状态，其特点是失去旧的WRKYTFs和保留新的TFs。值得注意的是,栽培花生比野生二倍体供体从野生四倍体花生中继承了更多保守的WRKY直系同源物。对W盒元素和蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用的分析表明，不同的驯化过程会影响栽培花生品种的WRKY进化。A.hypogaeacv的WRKYTFs。福华生和石头旗表现出相似的驯化过程，而那些cv。根据蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用分析，同一物种的Tifrunner经历了不同的驯化过程。
结论：这项研究为Arachisspp中WRKYTFs的进化提供了新的见解。
