Abstract：
We conducted research to understand online trade in jaguar parts and develop tools of utility for jaguars and other species. Our research took place to identify potential trade across 31 online platforms in Spanish, Portuguese, English, Dutch, French, Chinese, and Vietnamese. We identified 230 posts from between 2009 and 2019. We screened the images of animal parts shown in search results to verify if from jaguar; 71 posts on 12 different platforms in four languages were accompanied by images identified as definitely jaguar, including a total of 125 jaguar parts (50.7% posts in Spanish, 25.4% Portuguese, 22.5% Chinese and 1.4% French). Search effort varied among languages due to staff availability. Standardizing for effort across languages by dividing number of posts advertising jaguars by search time and number of individual searches completed via term/platform combinations changed the proportions the rankings of posts adjusted for effort were led by Portuguese, Chinese, and Spanish. Teeth were the most common part; 156 posts offered at least 367 teeth and from these, 95 were assessed as definitely jaguar; 71 of which could be linked to a location, with the majority offered for sale from Mexico, China, Bolivia, and Brazil (26.8, 25.4, 16.9, and 12.7% respectively). The second most traded item, skins and derivative items were only identified from Latin America: Brazil (7), followed by Peru (6), Bolivia (3), Mexico (2 and 1 skin piece), and Nicaragua and Venezuela (1 each). Whether by number of posts or pieces, the most commonly parts were: teeth, skins/pieces of skins, heads, and bodies. Our research took place within a longer-term project to assist law enforcement in host countries to better identify potential illegal trade and presents a snapshot of online jaguar trade and methods that also may have utility for many species traded online.
摘要：
我们进行了研究，以了解捷豹零件的在线贸易，并为捷豹和其他物种开发实用工具。我们的研究是在西班牙语的31个在线平台上确定潜在的贸易，葡萄牙语,英语,荷兰人,法语,中文,和越南人。我们确定了2009年至2019年的230个职位。我们筛选了搜索结果中显示的动物部位的图像，以验证是否来自美洲虎；在12个不同平台上以四种语言发布的71个帖子伴随着被确定为绝对美洲虎的图像，包括总共125个美洲虎零件(50.7%的职位是西班牙语，25.4%葡萄牙语,22.5%中文和1.4%法语）。由于工作人员的可用性，搜索工作因语言而异。通过将广告美洲虎的帖子数量除以搜索时间和通过术语/平台组合完成的个人搜索数量来标准化跨语言的努力，改变了因努力而调整的帖子排名由葡萄牙语领导的比例，中文,和西班牙语。牙齿是最常见的部分；156个帖子提供了至少367颗牙齿，95人被评估为绝对美洲虎；其中71人可以与某个地点联系在一起，大部分从墨西哥出售，中国,玻利维亚,和巴西（分别为26.8、25.4、16.9和12.7%）。交易第二多的项目，皮肤和衍生物品仅在拉丁美洲发现：巴西(7)，其次是秘鲁（6），玻利维亚(3)墨西哥（2和1个皮肤片），尼加拉瓜和委内瑞拉（各1个）。无论是按帖子数量还是件数，最常见的部位是:牙齿，皮肤/皮肤碎片，头,和尸体。我们的研究是在一个长期项目中进行的，目的是协助东道国的执法部门更好地识别潜在的非法贸易，并提供在线美洲虎贸易和方法的快照，这些方法也可能对许多在线交易的物种有用。
