Abstract：
The local regional similarity of fingerprints has always been a hot issue in the field of fingerprint research. With the increasing size of ten-print databases, the appearance of close non-matches (CNMs) in automatic fingerprint identification system (AFIS) candidate lists has attracted increasing attention from forensic science departments worldwide. In this study, three categories (high-, medium-, and low-level) of standards for CNMs were established and 60 whorl samples were marked with different numbers of minutiae to explore the occurrence and influencing factors of CNMs in AFIS candidate lists based on a ten million people database. The results showed that all prints could be found with their corresponding CNMs. The average occurrence rate of CNMs for every query was 52.7% in the top 100 lists, and the most similar CNM was exactly the same in the local area of 12 coincidence points. CNMs appeared more in the middle and lower parts of the central region of the whorl. Moreover, shorter C2C distances and the same finger number and hand led to more CNMs being inspected. CNMs with higher similarity required a more extensive regional area and smaller minutiae density. We concluded that CNMs have a high occurrence rate in large-scale databases and many factors are closely related to them. Fingerprint examiners and researchers need to strengthen their understanding of CNMs to avoid the occurrence of misidentification like the Madrid bombings.
摘要：
指纹的局部区域相似性一直是指纹研究领域的热点问题。随着十打印数据库的规模越来越大，自动指纹识别系统（AFIS）候选人名单中近距离非匹配（CNM）的出现引起了全世界法医学部门的越来越多的关注。在这项研究中,三类(高，medium-,建立了CNMs的标准和低级），并在60个螺纹样本上标记了不同数量的细节点，以基于一千万人数据库的AFIS候选列表中CNMs的发生和影响因素。结果表明，所有印刷品都可以找到其相应的CNM。在前100个列表中，每次查询的CNM平均出现率为52.7％，在12个重合点的局部区域中，最相似的CNM完全相同。CNM更多地出现在螺纹中心区域的中部和下部。此外，更短的C2C距离和相同的手指和手导致更多的CNM被检查。相似性较高的CNM需要更广泛的区域面积和更小的细节点密度。我们的结论是，CNM在大规模数据库中的发生率很高，并且许多因素与它们密切相关。指纹检查者和研究人员需要加强对CNM的了解，以避免像马德里爆炸案那样的错误识别。
