关键词： ACE, angiotensin-converting enzyme ACE-I, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor AKI, acute kidney injury ALM, appendicular lean mass ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker ASM, appendicular skeletal mass AT1R, angiotensin type 1 receptor AT2R, angiotensin type 2 receptor ATP, adenosine-5′-triphosphate AWGS, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia BCAA, branched chained amino acids BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis BMI, body mass index CART, classification and regression tree CKD, chronic kidney disease CRP, C-reactive protein DEXA, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry EAA, essential amino acids ESPEN-SIG, European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism Special Interests Groups ESRD, end-stage renal disease EWGSOP, European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People FAD, flavin adenine dinucleotide FADH2, flavin adenine dinucleotide +2 hydrogen FNIH, Foundation for the National Institutes of Health GTP, guanosine-5′-triphosphate GnRH, gonadotrophin-releasing hormone HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma HPT, hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular IFN-γ, interferon γ IGF-1, insulin-like growth factor 1 IL-1, interleukin-1 IL-6, interleukin-6 IWGS, International Working Group on Sarcopenia LH, luteinizing hormone MELD, Model for End-Stage Liver Disease MuRF1, muscle RING-finger-1 NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide + hydrogen NADPH, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NAFLD, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease NASH, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis NF-κβ, nuclear factor κβ NHANES, National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey PMI, psoas muscle index PMTH, psoas muscle thickness RAAS, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system ROS, reactive oxygen species SARC-F, Strength, Assistance with walking, Rise from a chair, Climb stairs, and Falls SHBG, sex hormone binding globulin SMI, skeletal muscle index SNS, sympathetic nervous system SPPB, Short Performance Physical Battery TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α UCSF, University of California, San Francisco UNOS, United Network of Organ Sharing cirrhosis energy mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin metabolism muscle sarcopenia

来  源：   DOI：10.1016/j.jceh.2022.06.005   PDF(Pubmed)

Abstract：
Cirrhosis predisposes to abnormalities in energy, hormonal, and immunological homeostasis. Disturbances in these metabolic processes create susceptibility to sarcopenia or pathological muscle wasting. Sarcopenia is prevalent in cirrhosis and its presence portends significant adverse outcomes including the length of hospital stay, infectious complications, and mortality. This highlights the importance of identification of at-risk individuals with early nutritional, therapeutic and physical therapy intervention. This manuscript summarizes literature relevant to sarcopenia in cirrhosis, describes current knowledge, and elucidates possible future directions.
摘要：
肝硬化容易导致能量异常，荷尔蒙，和免疫稳态。这些代谢过程中的紊乱导致对肌肉减少症或病理性肌肉萎缩的易感性。肌少症在肝硬化中很普遍，它的存在预示着显著的不良后果，包括住院时间。感染并发症,和死亡率。这突出了识别具有早期营养的高危个体的重要性，治疗和物理治疗干预。这篇手稿总结了与肝硬化中的肌少症相关的文献，描述了当前的知识，并阐明未来可能的方向。
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