Abstract：
Disinfection is an effective process to inactivate pathogens in drinking water treatment. However, disinfection byproducts (DBPs) will inevitably form and may cause severe health concerns. Previous research has mainly focused on DBPs formation during the disinfection in water treatment plants. But few studies paid attention to the formation and transformation of DBPs in the water distribution system (WDS). The complex environment in WDS will affect the reaction between residual chlorine and organic matter to form new DBPs. This paper provides an overall review of DBPs formation and transformation in the WDS. Firstly, the occurrence of DBPs in the WDS around the world was cataloged. Secondly, the primary factors affecting the formation of DBPs in WDS have also been summarized, including secondary chlorination, pipe materials, biofilm, deposits and coexisting anions. Secondary chlorination and biofilm increased the concentration of regular DBPs (e.g., trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs)) in the WDS, while Br- and I- increased the formation of brominated DBPs (Br-DBPs) and iodinated DBPs (I-DBPs), respectively. The mechanism of DBPs formation and transformation in the WDS was systematically described. Aromatic DBPs could be directly or indirectly converted to aliphatic DBPs, including ring opening, side chain breaking, chlorination, etc. Finally, the toxicity of drinking water in the WDS caused by DBPs transformation was examined. This review is conducive to improving the knowledge gap about DBPs formation and transformation in WDS to better solve water supply security problems in the future.
摘要：
消毒是饮用水处理中病原体灭活的有效过程。然而,消毒副产物（DBP）将不可避免地形成，并可能引起严重的健康问题。以前的研究主要集中在水处理厂消毒过程中DBP的形成。但是很少有研究关注配水系统（WDS）中DBPs的形成和转化。WDS中复杂的环境会影响余氯与有机物的反应，形成新的DBPs。本文对WDS中DBPs的形成和转化进行了全面综述。首先,对世界各地WDS中DBP的发生进行了分类。其次,还总结了影响WDS中DBPs形成的主要因素，包括二次氯化，管材,生物膜，沉积物和共存的阴离子。二次氯化和生物膜增加了常规DBPs的浓度(例如，WDS中的三卤代甲烷（THM）和卤代乙酸（HAAs），而Br-和I-增加了溴化DBPs（Br-DBPs）和碘化DBPs（I-DBPs）的形成，分别。系统描述了WDS中DBPs形成和转化的机理。芳族DBPs可以直接或间接转化为脂族DBPs，包括环形开口，侧链断裂,氯化,等。最后,研究了饮用水在WDS中由DBPs转化引起的毒性。该综述有利于改善WDS中DBPs形成和转化的知识差距，以更好地解决未来的供水安全问题。
