Abstract：
The digestive organs of carnivorous plants have external (abaxial) glands and trichomes, which perform various functions. Dionaea muscipula Ellis (the Venus flytrap) is a model carnivorous plant species whose traps are covered by external trichomes. The aim of the study was to fill in the gap regarding the structure of the stellate outer trichomes and their immunocytochemistry and to determine whether these data support the suggestions of other authors about the roles of these trichomes. Light and electron microscopy was used to show the trichomes\' structure. Fluorescence microscopy was used to locate the carbohydrate epitopes that are associated with the major cell wall polysaccharides and glycoproteins. The endodermal cells and internal head cells of the trichomes were differentiated as transfer cells, and this supports the idea that stellate trichomes transport solutes and are not only tomentose-like trichomes. Trichome cells differ in the composition of their cell walls, e.g., the cell walls of the internal head cells are enriched with arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs). The cell walls of the outer head cells are poor in both low and highly homogalacturonans (HGs), but the immature trichomes are rich in the pectic polysaccharide (1-4)-β-D-galactan. In the immature traps, young stellate trichomes produce mucilage which may protect the trap surface, and in particular, the trap entrance. However, the role of these trichomes is different when the outer head cells collapse. In the internal head cells, a thick secondary wall cell was deposited, which together with the thick cell walls of the outer head cells played the role of a large apoplastic space. This may suggest that mature stellate trichomes might function as hydathodes, but this should be experimentally proven.
摘要：
食肉植物的消化器官具有外部（背轴）腺体和毛状体，执行各种功能。DionaeamuscipulaEllis（金星捕蝇）是一种食肉植物模型，其陷阱被外部毛状体覆盖。该研究的目的是填补有关星状外毛状体结构及其免疫细胞化学的空白，并确定这些数据是否支持其他作者关于这些毛状体作用的建议。使用光学和电子显微镜显示毛状体的结构。荧光显微镜用于定位与主要细胞壁多糖和糖蛋白相关的碳水化合物表位。毛状体的内胚层细胞和内部头部细胞被分化为转移细胞，这支持了星状毛状体运输溶质的观点，而不仅仅是像绒毛一样的毛状体。毛状体细胞的细胞壁组成不同，例如，内部头部细胞的细胞壁富含阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白(AGPs)。外头部细胞的细胞壁在低和高同半乳糖（HGs）中均较差，但未成熟的毛状体富含果胶多糖(1-4)-β-D-半乳聚糖。在不成熟的陷阱中，年轻的星状毛状体产生粘液，可以保护陷阱表面，特别是,陷阱入口。然而,当外头细胞崩溃时，这些毛状体的作用是不同的。在内部头部细胞中，沉积了厚厚的次生壁细胞，与外头细胞的厚细胞壁一起发挥了巨大的质外空间的作用。这可能表明，成熟的星状毛状体可能起到棘突的作用，但这应该得到实验证明。
