Abstract：
Many functions of the human brain are organized asymmetrically and are subject to strong population biases. Some tasks, like speaking and making complex hand movements, exhibit left hemispheric dominance, whereas others, such as spatial processing and recognizing faces, favor the right hemisphere. While pattern of preference implies the existence of a stereotypical way of distributing functions between the hemispheres, an ever-increasing body of evidence indicates that not everyone follows this pattern of hemispheric functional segregation. On the contrary, the review conducted in this article shows that departures from the standard hemispheric division of labor are routinely observed and assume many distinct forms, each having a different prevalence rate. One of the key challenges in human neuroscience is to model this variability. By integrating well-established and recently emerged ideas about the mechanisms that underlie functional lateralization, the current article proposes a general mechanistic model that explains the observed distribution of segregation phenotypes and generates new testable hypotheses.
摘要：
人脑的许多功能是不对称组织的，并且受到强烈的人口偏见的影响。一些任务,比如说话和做复杂的手部动作，表现出左半球的优势，而其他人,比如空间处理和识别人脸，有利于右半球。虽然偏好模式意味着存在一种在半球之间分配功能的刻板方式，越来越多的证据表明，并非所有人都遵循这种半球功能分离的模式。相反,在这篇文章中进行的审查表明，偏离标准的半球分工是常规观察到的，并采取了许多不同的形式，每个都有不同的患病率。人类神经科学的关键挑战之一是对这种变异性进行建模。通过整合关于功能偏侧化基础机制的成熟和最近出现的想法，本文提出了一个通用的机制模型，该模型解释了观察到的隔离表型分布，并产生了新的可检验假设。
