Abstract：
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome infection can lead to cognitive dysfunction represented by changes in the default mode network. Most recent studies have been cross-sectional and thus have not revealed dynamic changes in the default mode network following acquired immune deficiency syndrome infection and antiretroviral therapy. Specifically, when brain imaging data at only one time point are analyzed, determining the duration at which the default mode network is the most effective following antiretroviral therapy after the occurrence of acquired immune deficiency syndrome. However, because infection times and other factors are often uncertain, longitudinal studies cannot be conducted directly in the clinic. Therefore, in this study, we performed a longitudinal study on the dynamic changes in the default mode network over time in a rhesus monkey model of simian immunodeficiency virus infection. We found marked changes in default mode network connectivity in 11 pairs of regions of interest at baseline and 10 days and 4 weeks after virus inoculation. Significant interactions between treatment and time were observed in the default mode network connectivity of regions of interest pairs area 31/V6.R and area 8/frontal eye field (FEF). L, area 8/FEF.L and caudal temporal parietal occipital area (TPOC).R, and area 31/V6.R and TPOC.L. ART administered 4 weeks after infection not only interrupted the progress of simian immunodeficiency virus infection but also preserved brain function to a large extent. These findings suggest that the default mode network is affected in the early stage of simian immunodeficiency virus infection and that it may serve as a potential biomarker for early changes in brain function and an objective indicator for making early clinical intervention decisions.
摘要：
获得性免疫缺陷综合征感染可导致认知功能障碍，表现为默认模式网络的变化。最近的大多数研究都是横断面的，因此没有揭示获得性免疫缺陷综合征感染和抗逆转录病毒治疗后默认模式网络的动态变化。具体来说,当仅分析一个时间点的脑成像数据时，确定发生获得性免疫缺陷综合征后抗逆转录病毒治疗后默认模式网络最有效的持续时间。然而,因为感染时间和其他因素往往不确定，纵向研究不能直接在临床中进行。因此,在这项研究中，我们对猿猴免疫缺陷病毒感染模型中默认模式网络随时间的动态变化进行了纵向研究.我们在基线和病毒接种后10天和4周时，在11对感兴趣的区域中发现了默认模式网络连接的显着变化。在感兴趣区域对区域31/V6的默认模式网络连接中观察到治疗和时间之间的显著相互作用。R和区域8/正面眼场(FEF)。L,区域8/FEF。L和尾颞叶顶叶枕叶区（TPOC）。R,和区域31/V6。感染后4周给予R和TPOC.L.ART不仅中断了猿猴免疫缺陷病毒感染的进展，而且在很大程度上保留了脑功能。这些发现表明，默认模式网络在猿猴免疫缺陷病毒感染的早期受到影响，它可能作为脑功能早期变化的潜在生物标志物和做出早期临床干预决策的客观指标。
