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Abstract：
This review aimed to identify U.S.-based, construct-validated measures of bystander intervention. Following PRISMA-P guidelines, electronic databases were searched, and emails were solicited identifying 8,559 articles for title screening. Abstracts and full texts were double screened, resulting in 24 scales meeting inclusion criteria: (a) measured a bystander-related construct in a situation where there was a potential for actual or perceived imminent physical or emotional harm, (b) written in English, and (c) statistically validated on U.S. samples. Most scales addressed the domain of interpersonal violence (67%), with fewer relating to bias/bullying (8.2%), mental health crises (12.5%), and substance use (12.5%). Most scales (71%) assessed the \"take action\" step of the situational model. The modal construct represented was intent/willingness/likelihood to intervene (50%). The average number of items on a scale was 14, and most (79%) provided Likert-style response options. None of the validated scales assessing behavior first accounted for an opportunity. Sample sizes ranged from 163 to 3,397, with the modal setting from colleges. Overall, samples were young (21.8 years old), White (75%), women (64%), and heterosexual (89%). Results indicate the need to validate additional measures that capture the \"interpreting the situation as problematic\" step of the situational model. Scales also need to be validated using diverse samples, particularly within the mental health crisis domain. Across all domains, validated measures need to be developed that first account for an opportunity when measuring actual bystander behavior. The information gleaned can be used to assist researchers in selecting measures and guide future measure development.
摘要：
这篇评论旨在确定美国，构建验证的旁观者干预措施。按照PRISMA-P准则，搜索了电子数据库，并征求了电子邮件，确定了8,559篇文章进行标题筛选。摘要和全文进行了双重筛选，导致24个量表符合纳入标准：（a）在可能发生实际或感知到的迫在眉睫的身体或情感伤害的情况下，测量了与旁观者相关的构造，(b)以英文书写，（c）在美国样本上进行统计验证。大多数量表涉及人际暴力领域(67%)，与偏见/欺凌有关的较少(8.2%)，精神健康危机(12.5%)，和物质使用(12.5%)。大多数量表（71％）评估了情境模型的“采取行动”步骤。所代表的模态结构是干预的意图/意愿/可能性(50%)。量表上的平均项目数为14，大多数（79％）提供了Likert风格的响应选项。没有一个经过验证的评估行为的量表首先说明了机会。样本量从163到3,397不等，模态设置来自大学。总的来说,样本年轻(21.8岁)，白色（75%）女性（64%）异性恋（89%）。结果表明，有必要验证其他措施，以捕获情境模型的“将情境解释为有问题的”步骤。还需要使用不同的样本来验证量表，特别是在心理健康危机领域。在所有域中，需要制定经过验证的措施，在测量实际的旁观者行为时，首先要考虑一个机会。收集的信息可用于帮助研究人员选择措施并指导未来的措施开发。
