Abstract：
Temperature is a key factor in regulating and controlling several ecological processes. As there is a feedback relationship between many biogeochemical processes and climate change, their response to temperature changes is particularly important. Previously, a large volume of literature has extensively explored the impact of rising air temperature on shoot growth and maize yield, from enzymatic responses within the leaf to grain yield. As the global temperature continues to increase and the frequency, duration, and/or intensity of heat wave events increases, the soil temperature of the tilth is likely to rise sharply. As one of the most widely planted food crops in the world, maize may be subjected to additional soil temperature pressure. However, as a nutrient organ in direct contact with soil, the root plays a key role in adapting the whole plant to excessive soil temperature. Little research has been done on the effect of the soil microenvironment induced by higher soil temperature on maize root growth and root to shoot communication regulation. Therefore, this review summarizes (1) the effects of excessive soil temperature on the soil microenvironment, including soil respiration, microbial community composition, carbon mineralization, and enzyme activity; (2) the negative response of absorption of water and nutrients by roots and maize root-shoot growth to excessive soil temperature; and (3) potential cultivation strategies to improve maize yield, including improving tillage methods, adding biochar amendments, applying organic fertilizers, optimizing irrigation, and farmland mulching.
摘要：
温度是调节和控制几个生态过程的关键因素。由于许多生物地球化学过程与气候变化之间存在反馈关系，它们对温度变化的反应尤为重要。以前,大量文献广泛探讨了气温升高对新芽生长和玉米产量的影响，从叶内的酶反应到谷物产量。随着全球气温的不断升高和频率的升高,持续时间,和/或热浪事件的强度增加，土壤温度可能会急剧上升。作为世界上种植最广泛的粮食作物之一，玉米可能会受到额外的土壤温度压力。然而,作为与土壤直接接触的营养器官，根系在使整个植物适应过高的土壤温度中起着关键作用。关于较高土壤温度诱导的土壤微环境对玉米根系生长和根冠通讯调控的影响的研究很少。因此,本文总结了(1)土壤温度过高对土壤微环境的影响，包括土壤呼吸，微生物群落组成，碳矿化，和酶活性；（2）根系和玉米根冠生长对水分和养分的吸收对土壤温度过高的负响应；（3）提高玉米产量的潜在栽培策略，包括改进耕作方法，添加生物炭修正剂，施用有机肥料，优化灌溉，和农田覆盖。
