Abstract：
Navigating the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19, now COVID) pandemic has required resilience and creativity worldwide. Despite early challenges to productivity, more than 2,000 peer-reviewed articles on islet biology were published in 2021. Herein, we highlight noteworthy advances in islet research between January 2021 and April 2022, focussing on 5 areas. First, we discuss new insights into the role of glucokinase, mitogen-activated protein kinase-kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase and mitochondrial function on insulin secretion from the pancreatic β cell, provided by new genetically modified mouse models and live imaging. We then discuss a new connection between lipid handling and improved insulin secretion in the context of glucotoxicity, focussing on fatty acid-binding protein 4 and fetuin-A. Advances in high-throughput \"omic\" analysis evolved to where one can generate more finely tuned genetic and molecular profiles within broad classifications of type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Next, we highlight breakthroughs in diabetes treatment using stem cell-derived β cells and innovative strategies to improve islet survival posttransplantation. Last, we update our understanding of the impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 infection on pancreatic islet function and discuss current evidence regarding proposed links between COVID and new-onset diabetes. We address these breakthroughs in 2 settings: one for a scientific audience and the other for the public, particularly those living with or affected by diabetes. Bridging biomedical research in diabetes to the community living with or affected by diabetes, our partners living with type 1 diabetes or type 2 diabetes also provide their perspectives on these latest advances in islet biology.
摘要：
应对2019年冠状病毒病(COVID-19，现为COVID)大流行需要全球的韧性和创造力。尽管早期对生产力提出了挑战，2021年发表了2000多篇关于胰岛生物学的同行评审文章。在这里，我们重点介绍2021年1月至2022年4月期间胰岛研究的值得注意的进展，重点是5个领域。首先,我们讨论了葡萄糖激酶作用的新见解，丝裂原活化蛋白激酶激酶/细胞外信号调节激酶和线粒体功能对胰腺β细胞胰岛素分泌的影响，由新的转基因小鼠模型和实时成像提供。然后，我们讨论了在糖毒性的背景下，脂质处理和改善胰岛素分泌之间的新联系，关注脂肪酸结合蛋白4和胎球蛋白A。高通量“组学”分析的进展演变为人们可以在1型糖尿病和2型糖尿病的广泛分类中产生更精细调整的遗传和分子谱。接下来,我们重点介绍了在使用干细胞源性β细胞治疗糖尿病方面的突破,以及提高移植后胰岛存活率的创新策略.最后,我们更新了我们对严重急性呼吸综合征-冠状病毒-2感染对胰岛功能影响的理解,并讨论了目前关于COVID与新发糖尿病之间拟议联系的证据.我们在两个方面解决了这些突破：一个是针对科学受众的，另一个是针对公众的，特别是那些患有糖尿病或受糖尿病影响的人。将糖尿病的生物医学研究与患有糖尿病或受糖尿病影响的社区联系起来，我们患有1型糖尿病或2型糖尿病的伴侣也对胰岛生物学的这些最新进展提供了他们的观点。
