PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Tanguar Haor (TH), an ecologically critical area (ECA) and a Ramsar site of worldwide significance, is an essential wetland ecosystem for the Bangladesh\'s economic, ecological, social, and cultural aspects. Fish, aquatic plants, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals are notable among the floral and faunal compositions found in this haor. Unfortunately, unsustainable exploitation of its natural resources poses a serious threat to the TH ecosystem. Therefore, the broad objective of this study was to review the status of fish biodiversity along with the driving factors of biodiversity loss and the management issues of the TH ecosystem. A total of 143 species of fishes (137 indigenous and 6 exotic) under 35 families, and 12 orders were documented during the last two decades. Species diversity of the haor has been changed over time due to the effects of climatic, anthropogenic, socioeconomic, and policy related drivers. Furthermore, high dependency on fisheries resources, poverty, and the lack of empowerment to manage the TH fishery were responsible for fish diversity decline. Therefore, ecosystem based co-management through active participation of local community, establishment of balanced fishing tactics, and strengthening alternative livelihoods for highly depended poor harvesters are strongly recommended for the proper management of this valued wetland ecosystem. Furthermore, this review proposes immediate and useful conservation initiatives for the studied wetlands, including comprehensive stock assessment, establishment of gene banks and fish sanctuaries, a combination of input and output control, and regulation with the ECA and RAMSAR guidelines.
摘要：
TanguarHaor(TH),一个生态临界区(ECA)和一个具有全球意义的拉姆萨尔遗址，是孟加拉国经济的重要湿地生态系统，生态,社会,和文化方面。鱼,水生植物,两栖动物,爬行动物,鸟,在这个荒地中发现的花卉和动物区系成分中，哺乳动物是值得注意的。不幸的是,对其自然资源的不可持续开发对TH生态系统构成了严重威胁。因此,本研究的主要目的是回顾鱼类生物多样性的现状，以及生物多样性丧失的驱动因素和TH生态系统的管理问题。共有35个家庭下的143种鱼类（137种土著和6种外来鱼类），在过去的二十年中，记录了12个订单。由于气候的影响，豪尔的物种多样性随着时间的推移而发生变化，人为的,社会经济,和政策相关的驱动因素。此外，高度依赖渔业资源，贫穷,缺乏管理TH渔业的能力是鱼类多样性下降的原因。因此,通过当地社区的积极参与，以生态系统为基础的共同管理，建立平衡的捕鱼策略，强烈建议为高度依赖的贫困收割机加强替代生计，以适当管理这一宝贵的湿地生态系统。此外，这项审查为研究的湿地提出了即时和有用的保护措施，包括全面的库存评估，建立基因库和鱼类保护区，输入和输出控制的组合，并根据ECA和RAMSAR指南进行监管。
