We have systematically searched PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science up to March, 2022 for the retrieval of intervention and observational studies (PROSPERO Reg. number: CRD42021247565). Pooled relative risks (RRs) comparing extreme categories of intake were computed using random-effects models. One-stage dose-response meta-analyses were also performed using random-effects models. 22 831 articles were screened resulting in 26 eligible observational studies (21 prospective cohort and 5 case-control studies). When comparing extreme categories of intake, the consumption of legumes was inversely associated with CVD (n = 25: RR = 0.94; 95%CI:0.89,0.99) and CHD (n = 16: RR = 0.90; 95%CI:0.85,0.96), but not with stroke (n = 9: RR = 1.00; 95%CI:0.93,1.08). We further found evidence for an inverse dose-response association with CHD, increasing in magnitude up to an intake of 400 g/week, after which the benefit seems to level-off.
The intake of legumes was associated with a reduced risk of CVD and CHD, but not with stroke, among individuals with the highest consumption levels. An intake level of 400 g/week seemed to provide the optimal cardiovascular benefit. Further research is needed to better understand the role of legumes in stroke subtypes.
结果:我们系统地搜索了PubMed,截至3月,Scopus和WebofScience,2022年用于干预和观察性研究的检索(PROSPEROReg.编号:CRD42021247565)。使用随机效应模型计算比较极端摄入量类别的集合相对风险(RR)。还使用随机效应模型进行了一阶段剂量反应荟萃分析。对22.831篇文章进行了筛选,获得了26项符合条件的观察性研究(21项前瞻性队列研究和5项病例对照研究)。当比较极端类别的摄入量时,豆类的消费与CVD(n=25:RR=0.94;95CI:0.89,0.99)和CHD(n=16:RR=0.90;95CI:0.8,0.96)呈负相关,但与卒中无关(n=9:RR=1.00;95CI:0.93,1.08)。我们进一步发现了与冠心病剂量反应相反的证据,增加到400克/周的摄入量,之后,福利似乎趋于平稳。
结论:摄入豆类与心血管疾病和冠心病的风险降低有关,但不是中风,在消费水平最高的个人中。400克/周的摄入水平似乎提供了最佳的心血管益处。需要进一步的研究来更好地了解豆类在中风亚型中的作用。