Abstract：
Many nurses will still be familiar with the instruction \'nil by mouth from midnight\' traditionally given to patients preparing to undergo surgery. National and international guidelines now promote much shorter preoperative fasting times, encapsulated in the \'2-4-6 rule\' - two hours for clear fluids, four hours for breast milk and six hours for solids. The latest evidence appears to show that these fasting times are in need of revision. Furthermore, there are inconsistencies in how guidelines are implemented. This article explores the guidelines and literature on preoperative fasting in adults and children to determine what the evidence is and what changes could be made to ensure consistent, high-quality patient care.
摘要：
许多护士仍然熟悉传统上给准备接受手术的患者的指令“从午夜开始口服”。国家和国际指南现在提倡缩短术前禁食时间，封装在\'2-4-6规则\'-两个小时的透明液体，母乳四个小时，固体六个小时。最新的证据似乎表明，这些禁食时间需要修订。此外，指南的实施方式存在不一致之处。本文探讨了有关成人和儿童术前禁食的指南和文献，以确定证据是什么以及可以进行哪些更改以确保一致，高质量的病人护理。
