Abstract：
The lack of safe drinking water affects communities in low-to-medium-income countries most. This barrier can be overcome by using sustainable point-of-use water treatments. Solar energy has been used to disinfect water for decades, and several efforts have been made to optimise the standard procedure of solar water disinfection (SODIS process). However, the Health Impact Assessment of implementing advanced technologies in the field is also a critical step in evaluating the success of the optimisation. This work reports a sustainable scaling-up of SODIS from standard 2 L bottles to 25 L transparent jerrycans (TJC) and a 12-month field implementation in four sites of Tigray in Ethiopia, where 80.5% of the population lives without reliable access to safe drinking water and whose initial baseline average rate of diarrhoeal disease in children under 5 years was 13.5%. The UVA dose required for 3-log reduction of E. coli was always lower than the minimum UVA daily dose received in Tigray (9411 ± 55 Wh/m2). Results confirmed a similar decrease in cases of diarrhoea in children in the implementation (25 L PET TJC) and control (2 L PET bottles) groups, supporting the feasibility of increasing the volume of the SODIS water containers to produce safer drinking water with a sustainable and user-friendly process.
摘要：
缺乏安全饮用水对中低收入国家的社区影响最大。这种障碍可以通过使用可持续的使用点水处理来克服。几十年来，太阳能一直被用来消毒水，并且已经做出了一些努力来优化太阳能水消毒的标准程序（SODIS过程）。然而,在该领域实施先进技术的健康影响评估也是评估优化成功的关键一步。这项工作报告了SODIS从标准2L瓶可持续扩展到25L透明jerrycan（TJC），并在埃塞俄比亚提格雷的四个地点进行了12个月的现场实施，80.5%的人口生活在无法可靠获得安全饮用水的情况下，其5岁以下儿童腹泻病的初始基线平均发生率为13.5%。大肠杆菌3-log减少所需的UVA剂量总是低于Tigray中接受的最低UVA日剂量(9411±55Wh/m2)。结果证实，实施组（25LPETTJC）和对照组（2LPET瓶）的儿童腹泻病例减少相似，支持增加SODIS水容器体积的可行性，以可持续和用户友好的过程生产更安全的饮用水。
