Abstract：
Pond management with chemical and biological agents that reduce overgrowth of algae is an important means of maintaining water quality in residential ponds, yet the effects on nontarget species are not fully understood. We assessed the impact of Aquashade (a common nontoxic pond dye) and copper sulfate (a toxic algaecide) on American toad (Anaxyrus americanus), northern leopard frog (Lithobates pipiens), and Cope\'s gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) metamorphosis in outdoor mesocosm experiments. We also evaluated the relative impact of tadpole grazing versus chemical treatment on phytoplankton and periphyton abundance. We found no significant effects of pond management treatment on anuran metamorphosis, suggesting that addition of Aquashade and copper sulfate at tested concentrations does not significantly impact anurans under these experimental conditions. Interestingly, we found that the presence of tadpoles more strongly reduced algal abundance than Aquashade or copper sulfate by significantly decreasing phytoplankton and periphyton abundance over time. The present study suggests that anuran tadpoles may be effective at maintaining water quality, and that Aquashade and copper sulfate may have minimal effects on amphibian metamorphosis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2023;42:213-224. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
摘要：
用减少藻类过度生长的化学和生物制剂进行池塘管理是维持居民池塘水质的重要手段，然而，对非目标物种的影响还没有完全理解。我们评估了Aquashade（一种常见的无毒池塘染料）和硫酸铜（一种有毒的除藻剂）对美国蟾蜍（Anaxyrusamericanus）的影响，北豹蛙（石斑蛙），和应对室外介观实验中的灰色树蛙（Hylachrysoscelis）变态。我们还评估了放牧与化学处理对浮游植物和附生植物丰度的相对影响。我们发现池塘管理处理对anuran变态没有显着影响，表明在这些实验条件下，在测试浓度下添加Aquashade和硫酸铜不会显着影响anurans。有趣的是,我们发现，与Aquashade或硫酸铜相比，t的存在通过随时间显着降低浮游植物和附生植物的丰度来更强烈地降低藻类的丰度。目前的研究表明，无主t可能有效地维持水质，Aquashade和硫酸铜对两栖动物变态的影响可能很小。环境毒物化学2022；00：1-12。©2022作者WileyPeriodicalsLLC代表SETAC出版的环境毒理学和化学。
