PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Medicinal or herbal spices are grown in tropical moist evergreen forestland, surrounding most of the tropical and subtropical regions of Eastern Himalayas in India (Sikkim, Darjeeling regions), Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan, a few Central Asian countries, Middle East, USA, Europe, South East Asia, Japan, Malaysia, and Indonesia. According to the cultivation region surrounded, economic value, and vogue, these spices can be classified into major, minor, and colored tropical spices. In total, 24 tropical spices and herbs (cardamom, black jeera, fennel, poppy, coriander, fenugreek, bay leaves, clove, chili, cassia bark, black pepper, nutmeg, black mustard, turmeric, saffron, star anise, onion, dill, asafoetida, celery, allspice, kokum, greater galangal, and sweet flag) are described in this review. These spices show many pharmacological activities like anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-diabetic, anti-obesity, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, central nervous system, and antioxidant activities. Numerous bioactive compounds are present in these selected spices, such as 1,8-cineole, monoterpene hydrocarbons, γ-terpinene, cuminaldehyde, trans-anethole, fenchone, estragole, benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, piperine, linalool, malabaricone C, safrole, myristicin, elemicin, sinigrin, curcumin, bidemethoxycurcumin, dimethoxycurcumin, crocin, picrocrocin, quercetin, quercetin 4\'-O-β-glucoside, apiol, carvone, limonene, α-phellandrene, galactomannan, rosmarinic acid, limonene, capsaicinoids, eugenol, garcinol, and α-asarone. Other than that, various spices are used to synthesize different types of metal-based and polymer-based nanoparticles like zinc oxide, gold, silver, selenium, silica, and chitosan nanoparticles which provide beneficial health effects such as antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-diabetic, enzyme retardation effect, and antimicrobial activity. The nanoparticles can also be used in environmental pollution management like dye decolorization and in chemical industries to enhance the rate of reaction by the use of catalytic activity of the nanoparticles. The nutritional value, phytochemical properties, health advantages, and both traditional and modern applications of these spices, along with their functions in food fortification, have been thoroughly discussed in this review.
摘要：
药用或草药香料生长在热带潮湿的常绿林地，围绕印度东喜马拉雅山的大部分热带和亚热带地区(锡金，大吉岭地区)，不丹,尼泊尔,巴基斯坦,伊朗,阿富汗,一些中亚国家，中东,美国,欧洲,东南亚,Japan,马来西亚,和印度尼西亚。根据所包围的种植区域，经济价值,和时尚，这些香料可以分为主要的，未成年人,和有色的热带香料。总的来说,24热带香料和草药（豆蔻，黑色Jeera,茴香,罂粟,香菜,胡芦巴,月桂叶,丁香,辣椒,决明子树皮,黑胡椒,肉豆蔻,黑芥末,姜黄,藏红花,八角,洋葱,dill,asafoetida,芹菜,五香粉,kokum,更大的高良姜，和甜蜜的旗帜)在这篇评论中进行了描述。这些香料显示出许多药理活性，如抗炎，抗菌，抗糖尿病，抗肥胖,心血管,胃肠,中枢神经系统,和抗氧化活性。许多生物活性化合物存在于这些选择的香料，如1,8-桉树脑,单萜烃，γ-萜品烯,茴香醛,反式茴香脑,Fenchone,estragole,苄基异喹啉生物碱，丁香酚,肉桂醛，胡椒碱,芳樟醇,malabariconeC,黄樟素,Myristicin,elemicin,Sinigrin,姜黄素,bidemethoxycurcumin,二甲氧基姜黄素,crocin,picrocroccin,槲皮素,槲皮素4'-O-β-葡萄糖苷，apiol,Carvone,柠檬烯,α-phellandrene,半乳甘露聚糖,迷迭香酸,柠檬烯,辣椒素类，丁香酚,Garcinol,和α-细辛醚.除此之外,各种香料用于合成不同类型的金属基和聚合物基纳米颗粒，如氧化锌，黄金,银,硒,二氧化硅,和壳聚糖纳米颗粒，提供有益的健康效果，如抗氧化剂，抗癌，抗糖尿病，酶阻滞效应，和抗菌活性。纳米颗粒还可用于环境污染管理,如染料脱色和化学工业,以通过使用纳米颗粒的催化活性来提高反应速率。营养价值，植物化学特性，健康优势,以及这些香料的传统和现代应用，以及它们在食物强化中的作用，在这次审查中已经进行了彻底的讨论。
