Abstract：
Fungi are an essential component of marine ecosystems, although little is known about their global distribution and underwater diversity, especially in sediments. Microplastics (MPs) are widespread contaminants worldwide and threaten the organisms present in the oceans. In this study, we investigated the fungal abundance and diversity in sediments, as well as the MPs, of three sites with different anthropogenic impacts in the Mediterranean Sea: the harbor of Livorno, the marine protected area \"Secche della Meloria\"; and an intermediate point, respectively. A total of 1526 isolates were cultured and identified using a polyphasic approach. For many of the fungal species this is the first record in a marine environment. A comparison with the mycobiota associated with the sediments and MPs underlined a \"substrate specificity\", highlighting the complexity of MP-associated fungal assemblages, potentially leading to altered microbial activities and hence changes in ecosystem functions. A further driving force that acts on the fungal communities associated with sediments and MPs is sampling sites with different anthropogenic impacts.
摘要：
真菌是海洋生态系统的重要组成部分，尽管对它们的全球分布和水下多样性知之甚少，尤其是在沉积物中。微塑料（MPs）是世界范围内广泛存在的污染物，威胁着海洋中的生物。在这项研究中,我们调查了沉积物中真菌的丰度和多样性，以及议员们,在地中海有不同的人为影响的三个地点：利沃诺港，海洋保护区“塞奇·德拉·梅洛里亚”；和一个中间点，分别。使用多相方法培养和鉴定了总共1526个分离株。对于许多真菌物种来说，这是海洋环境中的第一个记录。与沉积物和MP相关的分枝杆菌群的比较强调了“底物特异性”，强调MP相关真菌组合的复杂性，可能导致微生物活动改变，从而改变生态系统功能。作用于与沉积物和MP相关的真菌群落的另一个驱动力是具有不同人为影响的采样点。
