Abstract：
Pesticide action is predominantly measured as a toxicological outcome, with pharmacological impact of sublethal doses on bystander species left largely undocumented. Likewise, chronic exposure, which often results in responses different from acute administration, has also been understudied. In this article, we propose the application of standard pharmacological principles, already used to establish safe clinical dosing regimens in humans, to the \'dosing of the environment\'. These principles include relating the steady state dose of an agent to its beneficial effects (e.g. pest control), while minimising harmful impacts (e.g. off-target bioactivity in beneficial insects). We propose the term \'environmental therapeutic window\', analogous to that used in mammalian pharmacology, to guide risk assessment. To make pharmacological terms practically useful to environmental protection, quantitative data on pesticide action need to be made available in a freely accessible database, which should include toxicological and pharmacological impacts on both target and off-target species.
摘要：
农药作用主要是作为毒理学结果来衡量的，亚致死剂量对旁观者物种的药理学影响基本上没有文献记载。同样，慢性暴露，这通常会导致与急性给药不同的反应，也被研究不足。在这篇文章中,我们提出了标准药理学原理的应用，已经用于在人类中建立安全的临床给药方案，对环境的剂量。这些原则包括将药剂的稳态剂量与其有益效果（例如，害虫控制）相关联。同时最大限度地减少有害影响（例如，有益昆虫的脱靶生物活性）。我们提出术语“环境治疗窗口”，类似于哺乳动物药理学中使用的，指导风险评估。为了使药理学术语对环境保护实用，农药行动的定量数据需要在一个免费访问的数据库中提供，其中应包括对目标和脱靶物种的毒理学和药理学影响。
