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Abstract：
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) serotype O157:H7 is responsible for foodborne disease outbreaks, typically associated with the consumption of undercooked foods contaminated with cattle manure containing the bacterium. At present, effective mitigations do not exist. Many of the factors regulating enteric colonization by E. coli O157:H7 in cattle, and how cattle respond to the bacterium are unknown. In this regard, intestinal colonization locations, shedding patterns, interactions with the enteric microbiota, and host immune responses to infection are current knowledge gaps. As disturbances to host homeostasis are believed to play an important role in the enteric survival of the bacterium, it is important to consider the potential importance of stress during cattle production. Husbandry logistics, cost, and the high genetic, physiological, and microbial heterogeneity in cattle has greatly hampered the ability of researchers to elucidate key aspects of the host-pathogen-microbiota interaction. Although mice have not been extensively used as a cattle model, the utilization of murine models has the potential to identify mechanisms to facilitate hypothesis formulation and efficacy testing in cattle. Murine models have been effectively used to mechanistically examine colonization of the intestine, host responses to infection, and to interactively ascertain how host physiological status (e.g., due to physiological stress) and the enteric microbiota influences colonization and disease. In addition to reviewing the relevant literature on intestinal colonization and pathogenesis, including existing knowledge gaps, the review provides information on how murine models can be used to elucidate mechanisms toward the development of rationale-based mitigations for E. coli O157:H7 in cattle.
摘要：
肠出血性大肠杆菌（EHEC）血清型O157：H7是食源性疾病爆发的原因，通常与食用含有细菌的牛粪污染的未煮熟的食物有关。目前,不存在有效的缓解措施。许多调节大肠杆菌O157：H7在牛中肠道定植的因素，牛对这种细菌的反应是未知的。在这方面,肠道定植位置，脱落的图案，与肠道微生物群的相互作用，和宿主对感染的免疫反应是当前的知识空白。由于宿主稳态的紊乱被认为在细菌的肠道存活中起重要作用,重要的是要考虑在牛生产过程中压力的潜在重要性。畜牧业物流，成本,和高遗传，生理,牛的微生物异质性极大地阻碍了研究人员阐明宿主-病原体-微生物群相互作用的关键方面的能力。尽管小鼠尚未被广泛用作牛模型，利用小鼠模型有可能确定促进牛的假设制定和功效测试的机制。小鼠模型已被有效地用于机械地检查肠道的定植，宿主对感染的反应，并以交互方式确定宿主的生理状态(例如，由于生理应激)和肠道微生物群影响定植和疾病。除了回顾有关肠道定植和发病机制的相关文献外，包括现有的知识差距，该综述提供了有关如何使用小鼠模型阐明牛大肠杆菌O157:H7基于原理的缓解机制的信息.
