由于全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)在商业和消费品中的广泛使用,因此对环境的关注显著增加。PFAS在整个食物链中生物积累和生物放大,它们的毒性和潜在的不利健康影响可能对生物体构成威胁。在这项研究中,我们描述了两种基于动物园的宽吻海豚(Tursiopstruncatus,n=14个人)和虎鲸(Orcinusorca,n=14个人)来自三个地点(加利福尼亚,佛罗里达,还有德克萨斯,美国),从1994年到2020年。通过测量不同的生物标志物(皮质醇,皮质酮,醛固酮,TBARS,和过氧化氢),同时考虑到个人年龄,性别,和生殖阶段。在至少一个个体中检测到所有PFAS,考虑到这两个物种。ΣPFAS达到496纳克。宽吻海豚中的mL-1和230ng。虎鲸中的mL-1。在这两个物种中,平均浓度较高的PFAS为PFOS(108.0-183.0ng.ml-1)和PFNA(14.40-85.50ng。ml-1),它们是长链化合物。这两个物种的新生儿也暴露于PFAS,指示通过胎盘和泌乳的转移。线性混合模型分析表明醛固酮,月,Year,location,和地位;以及在过氧化氢之间,月,Year,年龄,status,ΣPFAS,虎鲸和Σ短链PFAS表明与动物生理状态相关的季节性变化(例如,生殖周期,应激反应,断奶事件)和由于PFAS暴露而导致的活性氧形成增加。鉴于我们的结果,其他污染物类别应在鲸目动物中进行调查,因为它们可能对这些个体产生累加和协同的有害影响。这项研究奠定了指导未来研究人员的基础,并强调了此类评估对动物福利的重要性,和物种保护。我们的结果可能会为有关飞燕草污染物阈值法规的管理决策提供依据。
Environmental concerns about per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are considerably increasing due to their extensive use in commercial and consumer products. PFAS bioaccumulate and biomagnify throughout the food chain, and their toxicity and potential adverse health effects can potentially represent a threat to living organisms. In this study, we described PFAS profiles in the serum of two species of zoo-based bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus, n = 14 individuals) and killer whales (Orcinus orca, n = 14 individuals) from three locations (California, Florida, and Texas, USA), from 1994 to 2020. Potential physiological effects of PFAS were also explored by measuring different biomarkers (cortisol,
corticosterone, aldosterone, TBARS, and hydrogen peroxide) while accounting for individual age, sex, and reproductive stage. All PFAS were detected in at least one of the individuals, considering both species. ΣPFAS reached 496 ng mL-1 in bottlenose dolphins and 230 ng mL-1 in killer whales. In both species, the PFAS with higher mean concentrations were PFOS (108.0-183.0 ng ml-1) and PFNA (14.40-85.50 ng ml-1), which are long-chain compounds. Newborn individuals of both species were also exposed to PFAS, indicating transference via placenta and lactation. Linear mixed model analyses indicated significant correlations between aldosterone, month, year, location, and status; and between hydrogen peroxide, month, year, age, status, ΣPFAS, and Σ short-chain PFAS in killer whales suggesting seasonal variations related to the animal\'s physiological state (e.g., reproductive cycles, stress responses, weaning events) and increased reactive oxygen species formation due to PFAS exposure. Given our results, other contaminant classes should be investigated in cetaceans as they might have additive and synergistic detrimental effects on these individuals. This study lays the foundation to guide future researchers and highlights the importance of such assessments for animal welfare, and species conservation. Our results may inform management decisions regarding regulations of contaminant thresholds in delphinids.