■大肠杆菌,脊椎动物的共生肠细菌,在环境中广泛分布,并表明与大肠杆菌有关的食品的微生物质量。此外,毒株,特别是大肠杆菌O157:H7,导致食用乳制品引起的有毒感染的爆发。由于在中亚尚未进行有关大肠杆菌的食品安全研究,本研究旨在研究污染的特征,微生物和基因型特性,以及对污染源自哈萨克斯坦的各种类型的商业化奶酪的大肠杆菌菌株的抗微生物剂的抗性。
■在零售店,中部22家工业企业和8家小企业生产的三种奶酪的207个样本,东方,南方,哈萨克斯坦北部地区在2020-2023年入选。使用标准微生物检查大肠杆菌污染,质谱,和分子遗传学方法。使用盘状扩散的欧洲抗菌药物敏感性委员会测试方法来测试鉴定的大肠杆菌分离株(65/207;31.4%)对20种抗菌药物的耐药性。使用多重聚合酶链反应在所有大肠杆菌分离物中研究了产生志贺毒素的大肠杆菌(VT1和VT2)和大肠杆菌O157:H7(eae)基因。
■在哈萨克斯坦几乎所有地理区域,平均有31.4%的各种类型的商业哈萨克斯坦奶酪样品被大肠杆菌污染,无论乳制品企业的生产率如何。在零售场所(100%)包装的小型农场(80%的样品)生产的软奶酪被大肠杆菌污染最严重。微生物指数(菌落形成单位/g)不令人满意,不适合6.2%的此类奶酪样品。这是中亚第一次,在0.5%的奶酪样品中检测到肠致病性菌株大肠杆菌O157:H7。来自奶酪样品的大肠杆菌分离株对65%的抗菌药物具有抗性,并且含有对β-内酰胺类的抗性基因,磺胺类药物,和喹诺酮类药物组。同时,25%的大肠杆菌分离株对三种或更多种抗微生物剂具有多重抗性。
■由多种抗生素耐药的大肠杆菌菌株引起的高水平污染,包括病原病原体,这对公众健康构成了风险,并强调需要进一步研究食品中的大肠杆菌肠道病原体的监测和控制。
UNASSIGNED: Escherichia coli, a commensal intestine bacterium of vertebrates, is widely distributed in the environment and indicates the microbiological quality of food products in relation to coliforms. In addition, virulent strains, particularly E. coli O157:H7, cause outbreaks of toxic infections caused by consuming dairy products. Because food safety studies regarding E. coli have not been conducted in Central Asia, this research aimed to study the characteristics of contamination, microbiological and genotypic properties, and resistance to antimicrobial agents of E. coli strains that contaminate various types of commercialized cheeses originating from Kazakhstan.
UNASSIGNED: In retail outlets, 207 samples of three types of cheese produced by 22 industrial and eight small enterprises in the central, eastern, southern, and northern regions of Kazakhstan were selected in 2020-2023. E. coli contamination was examined using standard microbiological, mass spectrometric, and molecular genetic methods. The discodiffuse European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing method was used to test the resistance of the identified E. coli isolates (65/207; 31.4%) to 20 antibacterial drugs. The Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (VT1 and VT2) and E. coli O157:H7 (eae) genes were investigated in all E. coli isolates using multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
UNASSIGNED: An average of 31.4% samples of commercial Kazakhstani cheeses of various types were found to be contaminated with E. coli in almost all geographical regions of Kazakhstan, regardless of the productivity of the dairy enterprises. Soft cheeses produced by small farms (80% of samples) packaged at the retail site (100%) were the most contaminated with E. coli. The microbiological index (colony-forming unit/g) was unsatisfactory and unsuitable in 6.2% of such cheese samples. For the first time in Central Asia, the enteropathogenic strain E. coli O157:H7 was detected in 0.5% of cheese samples. E. coli isolates from cheese samples were resistant to 65% of antibacterial drugs and contained resistance genes to β-lactams, sulfonamides, and quinolones groups. At the same time, 25% of the E. coli isolates were multi-resistant to three or more antimicrobial agents.
UNASSIGNED: The high level of contamination caused by multi-antibiotic resistant E. coli strains, including pathogenic pathogens, poses a risk to public health and highlights the need for further research on the monitoring and control of coliform enteropathogens in food products.