Abstract：
Although the treatment of epilepsy primarily focuses on prevention, recurrent seizures are unfortunately an ongoing reality, particularly in people with epilepsy who live with chronic refractory seizures. Rescue medications are agents which can be administered in urgent/emergent seizure episodes such as seizure clusters or prolonged seizures with the goal of terminating seizure activity, preventing morbidity, and decreasing the risk of further seizures.
This review first discusses clinical opportunities for rescue medications, with particular attention focused on seizure clusters and prolonged seizures, including their epidemiology, risk factors, and associated morbidity. Current rescue medications, their indications, efficacy, and adverse effects are discussed. We then discuss rescue medications and formulations which are currently under development, concentrating on practical aspects relevant for clinical care.
Rescue medications should be considered for all people with epilepsy with ongoing seizures. Recent rescue medications including intranasal formulations provide considerable advantages. New rescue medications are being developed which may expand opportunities for effective treatment. In the future, combining rescue medications with seizure detection and seizure prediction technologies should further expand opportunities for use and should reduce the morbidity of seizures and provide increased comfort, control, and quality of life for people living with epilepsy.
This review first discusses clinical opportunities for rescue medications, with particular attention focused on seizure clusters and prolonged seizures, including their epidemiology, risk factors, and associated morbidity. Current rescue medications, their indications, efficacy, and adverse effects are discussed. We then discuss rescue medications and formulations which are currently under development, concentrating on practical aspects relevant for clinical care.
Rescue medications should be considered for all people with epilepsy with ongoing seizures. Recent rescue medications including intranasal formulations provide considerable advantages. New rescue medications are being developed which may expand opportunities for effective treatment. In the future, combining rescue medications with seizure detection and seizure prediction technologies should further expand opportunities for use and should reduce the morbidity of seizures and provide increased comfort, control, and quality of life for people living with epilepsy.
摘要：
虽然癫痫的治疗主要集中在预防上，不幸的是，反复发作是一个持续的现实，特别是在患有慢性难治性癫痫发作的癫痫患者中。救援药物是可以在紧急/紧急癫痫发作中使用的药物，例如癫痫发作集群或长期癫痫发作，目的是终止癫痫发作活动。预防发病，并降低进一步缉获的风险。
这篇综述首先讨论了抢救药物的临床机会，特别关注癫痫发作集群和长期癫痫发作，包括他们的流行病学,危险因素，和相关的发病率。目前的救援药物，他们的适应症，功效,并讨论了不利影响。然后我们讨论目前正在开发的救援药物和配方，专注于与临床护理相关的实践方面。
所有癫痫持续发作的患者都应考虑使用抢救药物。包括鼻内制剂在内的最近的抢救药物提供了相当大的优点。正在开发新的救援药物，这可能会扩大有效治疗的机会。在未来,将救援药物与癫痫发作检测和癫痫发作预测技术相结合，应进一步扩大使用机会，并应降低癫痫发作的发病率并提供更多的舒适度，control,以及癫痫患者的生活质量。
这篇综述首先讨论了抢救药物的临床机会，特别关注癫痫发作集群和长期癫痫发作，包括他们的流行病学,危险因素，和相关的发病率。目前的救援药物，他们的适应症，功效,并讨论了不利影响。然后我们讨论目前正在开发的救援药物和配方，专注于与临床护理相关的实践方面。
所有癫痫持续发作的患者都应考虑使用抢救药物。包括鼻内制剂在内的最近的抢救药物提供了相当大的优点。正在开发新的救援药物，这可能会扩大有效治疗的机会。在未来,将救援药物与癫痫发作检测和癫痫发作预测技术相结合，应进一步扩大使用机会，并应降低癫痫发作的发病率并提供更多的舒适度，control,以及癫痫患者的生活质量。
