Abstract：
The use of artificial cells to mimic living tissues is beneficial for understanding the mechanism of interaction among cells. Artificial cells hold immense potential in the field of tissue engineering. Self-powered artificial cells capable of reversible deformation are developed by encapsulating living mitochondria, actins, and methylcellulose. Upon addition of pyruvate molecules, the mitochondria produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which acts as an energy source to trigger actin polymerization. The reversible deformation of artificial cells occurs with a spindle shape resulting from the polymerization of actins to form filaments adjacent to the lipid bilayer that subsequently returns to a spherical shape resulting from the depolymerization of actin filaments upon laser irradiation. The linear colonies composed of these artificial cells exhibit collective contraction and relaxation to mimic muscle tissues. At maximum contraction, the long axis of each giant unilamellar vesicle (GUV) is parallel to each other. All the colonies are synchronized in the contraction phase. The deformation of each GUV in the colonies is influenced by its adjacent GUVs. The muscle-like artificial cell colonies described here pave the way to develop sustainably self-powered artificial tissues.
摘要：
利用人工细胞模拟活组织有利于理解细胞间的相互作用机制。人造细胞在组织工程领域具有巨大的潜力。能够可逆变形的自供电人造细胞是通过包裹活线粒体开发的，actins,和甲基纤维素.加入丙酮酸分子后，线粒体产生三磷酸腺苷（ATP），作为触发肌动蛋白聚合的能量来源。人造细胞的可逆变形发生在纺锤形的情况下，该纺锤形是由于肌动蛋白的聚合而形成与脂质双层相邻的细丝，随后在激光照射下由于肌动蛋白细丝的解聚而返回球形。由这些人造细胞组成的线性集落表现出集体收缩和松弛以模拟肌肉组织。在最大收缩时，每个巨大的单层囊泡（GUV）的长轴彼此平行。所有集落在收缩阶段是同步的。菌落中每个GUV的变形受其相邻GUV的影响。这里描述的肌肉样人造细胞集落为开发可持续的自供电人造组织铺平了道路。
