Abstract：
The increasing prevalence of malignant disease has been associated with shifts in environmental, socioeconomic, and lifestyle risk factors as well as increased adult lifespan. We examine the relationship between malignant neoplasms affecting bone, age and industrialization.
Pre-existing skeletal data from 11 medieval (1066-1547, n = 8973) and 14 industrial (1700-1890, n = 4748) cemeteries (N = 13,721) from England.
Context number, sex, age-at-death, evidence of skeletal malignancy, and diagnosis were collated. The data were compared using chi square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and logistic regression (α = 0.01).
There was a statistically significant increase in skeletal malignancy from 0.06 % in the medieval sample to 0.36 in the industrial sample (p < 0.001). Age had a strong relationship with malignancy (p = 0.003), sex did not (p = 0.464). Logistic regression revealed that time-period (p < 0.001) was a stronger predictor of skeletal malignancy than age-at-death (p = 0.002).
Our results confirm that even with the temporal increase in adult human lifespan the increase of malignant neoplasms of bone between the medieval and industrial time periods is still statistically significant.
The augmented exposure to carcinogens and pollution during the Industrial Revolution had a strong effect on an individual\'s susceptibility to developing malignant disease of bone.
This meta-analysis relies upon previously gathered data and diagnosis from a large number of researchers and did not include radiographic or CT screening. Only malignant neoplasms that affected bone could be included.
Increasing excavation and analysis of post-medieval cemeteries will provide more data. Multimethod approaches (radiography, CT, Micro-CT and histology) are encouraged.
Pre-existing skeletal data from 11 medieval (1066-1547, n = 8973) and 14 industrial (1700-1890, n = 4748) cemeteries (N = 13,721) from England.
Context number, sex, age-at-death, evidence of skeletal malignancy, and diagnosis were collated. The data were compared using chi square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests and logistic regression (α = 0.01).
There was a statistically significant increase in skeletal malignancy from 0.06 % in the medieval sample to 0.36 in the industrial sample (p < 0.001). Age had a strong relationship with malignancy (p = 0.003), sex did not (p = 0.464). Logistic regression revealed that time-period (p < 0.001) was a stronger predictor of skeletal malignancy than age-at-death (p = 0.002).
Our results confirm that even with the temporal increase in adult human lifespan the increase of malignant neoplasms of bone between the medieval and industrial time periods is still statistically significant.
The augmented exposure to carcinogens and pollution during the Industrial Revolution had a strong effect on an individual\'s susceptibility to developing malignant disease of bone.
This meta-analysis relies upon previously gathered data and diagnosis from a large number of researchers and did not include radiographic or CT screening. Only malignant neoplasms that affected bone could be included.
Increasing excavation and analysis of post-medieval cemeteries will provide more data. Multimethod approaches (radiography, CT, Micro-CT and histology) are encouraged.
摘要：
恶性疾病的日益流行与环境变化有关，社会经济,和生活方式风险因素以及增加成人寿命。我们检查影响骨骼的恶性肿瘤之间的关系，年龄和工业化。
来自英格兰的11个中世纪（1066-1547，n=8973）和14个工业（1700-1890，n=4748）墓地（N=13,721）的预先存在的骨骼数据。
上下文编号，性别,死亡年龄,骨骼恶性肿瘤的证据,和诊断进行了整理。使用卡方比较数据，Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验和逻辑回归(α=0.01)。
骨骼恶性肿瘤从中世纪样本的0.06％增加到工业样本的0.36（p<0.001），具有统计学意义。年龄与恶性肿瘤有很强的关系（p=0.003），性别没有（p=0.464）。Logistic回归显示，时间段（p<0.001）比死亡年龄（p=0.002）更能预测骨骼恶性肿瘤。
我们的结果证实，即使随着成人寿命的暂时增加，中世纪和工业时期之间骨骼恶性肿瘤的增加仍然具有统计学意义。
工业革命期间对致癌物和污染的暴露增加对个体对发展为骨骼恶性疾病的易感性有很大影响。
这项荟萃分析依赖于先前收集的数据和大量研究人员的诊断，不包括影像学或CT筛查。只能包括影响骨骼的恶性肿瘤。
增加对中世纪后墓地的挖掘和分析将提供更多数据。多方法方法(射线照相术，CT,鼓励微CT和组织学）。
来自英格兰的11个中世纪（1066-1547，n=8973）和14个工业（1700-1890，n=4748）墓地（N=13,721）的预先存在的骨骼数据。
上下文编号，性别,死亡年龄,骨骼恶性肿瘤的证据,和诊断进行了整理。使用卡方比较数据，Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验和逻辑回归(α=0.01)。
骨骼恶性肿瘤从中世纪样本的0.06％增加到工业样本的0.36（p<0.001），具有统计学意义。年龄与恶性肿瘤有很强的关系（p=0.003），性别没有（p=0.464）。Logistic回归显示，时间段（p<0.001）比死亡年龄（p=0.002）更能预测骨骼恶性肿瘤。
我们的结果证实，即使随着成人寿命的暂时增加，中世纪和工业时期之间骨骼恶性肿瘤的增加仍然具有统计学意义。
工业革命期间对致癌物和污染的暴露增加对个体对发展为骨骼恶性疾病的易感性有很大影响。
这项荟萃分析依赖于先前收集的数据和大量研究人员的诊断，不包括影像学或CT筛查。只能包括影响骨骼的恶性肿瘤。
增加对中世纪后墓地的挖掘和分析将提供更多数据。多方法方法(射线照相术，CT,鼓励微CT和组织学）。
